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This was an observational, comparative study. We reviewed 250 patients and divided them into the recurrent hordeolum (n\u2009=\u2009153) and control (n\u2009=\u200997) groups. <jats:italic>Demodex<\/jats:italic> infestation was detected by epilating eyelashes around the lesion\/s and viewing them under a light microscope. Patient medical records and photographs were retrospectively analyzed to identify the clinical characteristics of <jats:italic>Demodex<\/jats:italic>-associated recurrent hordeola. <jats:italic>Demodex<\/jats:italic> was detected in 91 (59.5%) and 17 (17.5%) patients in the recurrent hordeolum and control groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), respectively. In the recurrent hordeolum group, <jats:italic>Demodex<\/jats:italic> mites were found in 74 (68.5%) and 17 (37.8%) of the adult and pediatric patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), respectively. Among patients with recurrent hordeola, patients in their 20s were most likely to have concomitant <jats:italic>Demodex<\/jats:italic> infestation. Patients with <jats:italic>Demodex<\/jats:italic> infestations were also more likely to develop recurrent lesions within a shorter period of time from the primary incision and curettage. The most common presentation of <jats:italic>Demodex<\/jats:italic>-associated recurrent lesions was external hordeola (67%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). <jats:italic>Demodex<\/jats:italic> infestation may cause recurrent hordeola in adults and children. These mites may play a greater role in the development of lesions in adult patients. The strongest association between <jats:italic>Demodex<\/jats:italic> infestation and recurrent lesions was seen in patients in their 20s. Our results suggest that if the hordeola recur within a short period of time with the clinical characteristics of external location of eyelid, multiple numbers of lesions, or anterior blepharitis, eyelash epilation should be performed to identify the presence of <jats:italic>Demodex<\/jats:italic> mites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00599-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T11:04:13Z","timestamp":1635764653000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical characteristics of Demodex-associated recurrent hordeola: an observational, comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sung Yeon","family":"Jun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeon Jung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo Ram","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Un","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"599_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.012","volume":"32","author":"CA Elston","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elston, C. 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