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We studied 102 consecutive patients who received TS from January 2008 to January 2020 due to CPH-related hypersplenism. A similar number of healthy individuals are used as healthy controls (HC). The total lymphocyte counts and their percentages of B lymphocytes, total T lymphocytes (cluster of differentiation (CD)3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) and their subsets (CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>), and natural killer (NK) cells in preoperative peripheral blood samples in hypersplenism patients were significantly lower than that of the HCs (both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The total lymphocyte counts and percentages of B lymphocytes in peripheral blood were significantly increased 1\u00a0week and 1\u00a0month after TS when compared with the pre-TS values (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). There was no significant difference in the percentages of NK cells before or after surgery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). However, the percentages of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells was significantly higher 1\u00a0month after than before surgery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The percentages of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes were significantly lower 1\u00a0week after surgery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but they were significantly higher 1\u00a0month after surgery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>:CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> ratio was not significantly different from those before surgery, and 1\u00a0week or 1\u00a0month after surgery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Patients with hypersplenism associated with CPH were significantly immunosuppressed preoperatively. After TS, the total lymphocyte count and percentages of B lymphocytes, and total T lymphocytes and their subsets increased significantly, resulting in improved immune functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00692-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T10:02:44Z","timestamp":1635415364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of total splenectomy on peripheral lymphocytes and their subsets in patients with hypersplenism associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yunfu","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongfei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan Yee","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinfang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jincai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"692_CR1","first-page":"2937","volume":"95","author":"FN Bashour","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bashour, F. 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