{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T04:58:15Z","timestamp":1783745895052,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with systemic inflammation. A wide range of adipokines activities suggests they influence pathogenesis and infection course. The aim was to assess concentrations of chemerin, omentin, and vaspin among COVID-19 patients with an emphasis on adipokines relationship with COVID-19 severity, concomitant metabolic abnormalities and liver dysfunction. Serum chemerin, omentin and vaspin concentrations were measured in serum collected from 70 COVID-19 patients at the moment of admission to hospital, before any treatment was applied and 20 healthy controls. Serum chemerin and omentin concentrations were significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy volunteers (271.0 vs. 373.0\u00a0ng\/ml; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and 482.1 vs. 814.3\u00a0ng\/ml; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01, respectively). There were no correlations of analyzed adipokines with COVID-19 severity based on the presence of pneumonia, dyspnea, or necessity of Intensive Care Unit hospitalization (ICU). Liver test abnormalities did not influence adipokines levels. Elevated GGT activity was associated with ICU admission, presence of pneumonia and elevated concentrations of CRP, ferritin and interleukin 6. Chemerin and omentin depletion in COVID-19 patients suggests that this adipokines deficiency play influential role in disease pathogenesis. However, there was no relationship between lower adipokines level and frequency of COVID-19 symptoms as well as disease severity. The only predictive factor which could predispose to a more severe COVID-19 course, including the presence of pneumonia and ICU hospitalization, was GGT activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00928-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T11:03:37Z","timestamp":1635851017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Anti-inflammatory adipokines: chemerin, vaspin, omentin concentrations and SARS-CoV-2 outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Kukla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Men\u017cyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Dembi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Winiarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksander","family":"Garlicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Boci\u0105ga-Jasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Skonieczna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Hudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Maziarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Kusnierz-Cabala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubomir","family":"Skladany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivica","family":"Grgurevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"W\u00f3jcik-Bugajska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Grodzicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Stygar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Rogula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10223","key":"928_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9","volume":"395","author":"C Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G. & Gao, G. F. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet 395(10223), 470\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"928_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Clinical management of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected: interim guidance. Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/331446. Accessed on 6 April 2020.","DOI":"10.15557\/PiMR.2020.0003"},{"key":"928_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pan, L., Mu, M., Yang, P., Sun, Y., Wang, R., Yan, J. et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms in Hubei, China: A descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study.\u00a0Am. J. Gastroenterol. 115(5), 766\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000620 (2020).","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000620"},{"issue":"6","key":"928_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-320926","volume":"69","author":"X Jin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jin, X. et al. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut 69(6), 1002\u20131009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-320926 (2020).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"928_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zheng, K. I., Gao, F., Wang, X. B., Sun, Q.-F., Pan, K.-H., Wang, T. et al. Letter to the Editor: Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Metabolism 108, 154244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154244 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154244"},{"issue":"4","key":"928_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2020.07.002","volume":"14","author":"A Hussain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hussain, A., Mahawar, K., Xia, Z., Yang, W. & El-Hasani, S. Obesity and mortality of COVID-19. Meta-analysis. Obes. Res. Clin. Pract. 14(4), 295\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.orcp.2020.07.002 (2020).","journal-title":"Obes. Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"928_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang, J. F., Wang, X. B., Zheng, K. I., Liu, W.-Y., Chen, J.-J., George, J. et al. Letter to the Editor: Obesity hypoventilation syndrome and severe COVID-19.\u00a0Metabolism 108, 154249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154249 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154249"},{"key":"928_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Favre G, Legueult K, Pradier C, Raffaelli, C., Ichai, C., Ianelli, A. et al. Visceral fat is associated with the severity of COVID-19.\u00a0Metabolism 115, 154440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154440 (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154440"},{"issue":"4","key":"928_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.004","volume":"14","author":"AK Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh, A. K., Gupta, R., Ghosh, A. & Misram, A. Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. 14(4), 303\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.004 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"issue":"5","key":"928_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051420","volume":"9","author":"M Kukla","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kukla, M. et al. COVID-19, MERS and SARS with concomitant liver injury-systematic review of the existing literature. J. Clin. Med. 9(5), 1420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9051420 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"928_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bramante, C., Tignanelli, C. J., Dutta, N., Jones, E., Tamaritz, L., Clark, J. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and risk of hospitalization for Covid-19. Preprint.\u00a0medRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.09.01.20185850 (2020).","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.01.20185850"},{"key":"928_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mahamid, M., Nseir, W., Khoury, T., Mahamid, B., Nubania, A., Sub-Laban, K. et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with COVID-19 severity independently of metabolic syndrome: A retrospective case-control study. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001902 (2020).","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001902"},{"key":"928_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.5604\/17322693.1214137","volume":"70","author":"B Szyd\u0142o","year":"2016","unstructured":"Szyd\u0142o, B., Kiczmer, P., \u015awi\u0119tochowska, E. & Ostrowska, Z. Role of omentin and chemerin in metabolic syndrome and tumor diseases. Postepy. Hig. Med. Dosw. (Online) 70, 844\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5604\/17322693.1214137 (2016).","journal-title":"Postepy. Hig. Med. Dosw. (Online)"},{"issue":"20","key":"928_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666171205144627","volume":"25","author":"HS Chung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chung, H. S. & Choi, K. M. Adipokines and myokines: A pivotal role in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Curr. Med. Chem. 25(20), 2401\u20132415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0929867325666171205144627 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"928_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2921","volume":"11","author":"N Ouchi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ouchi, N., Parker, J. L., Lugus, J. J. & Walsh, K. Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 11(2), 85\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri2921 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"928_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2010.00105","volume":"17","author":"M Kukla","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kukla, M., Mazur, W., Bu\u0142dak, R. J. & \u017bwirska-Korcza\u0142a, K. Potential role of leptin, adiponectin and three novel adipokines\u2013visfatin, chemerin and vaspin\u2013in chronic hepatitis. Mol. Med. 17(11\u201312), 1397\u20131410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2119\/molmed.2010.00105 (2011).","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"928_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i10.3020","volume":"21","author":"M Kalafateli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kalafateli, M. et al. Adipokines levels are associated with the severity of liver disease in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. World J. Gastroenterol. 21(10), 3020\u20133029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v21.i10.3020 (2015).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"6","key":"928_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.037","volume":"80","author":"Q Ye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ye, Q., Wang, B. & Mao, J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the \u2018Cytokine Storm\u2019 in COVID-19. J. Infect. 80(6), 607\u2013613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.037 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"928_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Costela-Ruiz, V. J., Illescas-Montes, R., Puerta-Puerta, J. M., Ruiz, C. & Melguizo-Rodr\u00edguez, L. SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease.\u00a0Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 54, 62\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001"},{"key":"928_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van der Voort, P. H. J., Moser, J., Zandstra, D. F., Kobold, A., C. M., Knoester, M., Clakhoven, C. F. et al. Leptin levels in SARS-CoV-2 infection related respiratory failure: A cross-sectional study and a pathophysiological framework on the role of fat tissue. Heliyon 6 (8), e04696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04696 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04696"},{"issue":"6","key":"928_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902154","volume":"185","author":"R Hart","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hart, R. & Greaves, D. R. Chemerin contributes to inflammation by promoting macrophage adhesion to VCAM-1 and fibronectin through clustering of VLA-4 and VLA-5. J. Immunol. 185(6), 3728\u20133739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.0902154 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"928_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R158","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3475","volume":"13","author":"K Kaneko","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kaneko, K. et al. Chemerin activates fibroblast-like synoviocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 13(5), R158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar3475 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"928_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21091","volume":"16","author":"J Weigert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weigert, J. et al. Circulating levels of chemerin and adiponectin are higher in ulcerative colitis and chemerin is elevated in Crohn\u2019s disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 16(4), 630\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ibd.21091 (2010).","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"928_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2011.06.020","volume":"44","author":"K Adrych","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adrych, K. et al. Increased serum chemerin concentration in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Digest. Liver Dis. 44(5), 393\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2011.06.020 (2012).","journal-title":"Digest. Liver Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"928_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1351","volume":"33","author":"D Pfau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pfau, D. et al. Serum levels of the adipokine chemerin in relation to renal function. Diab. Care 33(1), 171\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc09-1351 (2010).","journal-title":"Diab. Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"928_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3109\/00365520903443852","volume":"45","author":"M Kukla","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kukla, M. et al. Serum chemerin and vaspin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 45(2), 235\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00365520903443852 (2010).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"928_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kukla, M., Adamek, B., Waluga, M., Zalewska-Ziob, W., Kasperczyk, J., Gabriel, A. et al. Hepatic chemerin and chemokine-like receptor 1 expression in patients with chronic hepatitis C.\u00a0Biomed. Res. Int. 2014, 517820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/517820 (2014).","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/517820"},{"issue":"7","key":"928_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12282","volume":"18","author":"P F\u00fcl\u00f6p","year":"2014","unstructured":"F\u00fcl\u00f6p, P. et al. Association of chemerin with oxidative stress, inflammation and classical adipokines in non-diabetic obese patients. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 18(7), 1313\u20131320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.12282 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"928_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0380","volume":"161","author":"M Lehrke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lehrke, M. et al. Chemerin is associated with markers of inflammation and components of the metabolic syndrome but does not predict coronary atherosclerosis. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 161(2), 339\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-09-0380 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"928_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21735","volume":"25","author":"S Zylla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zylla, S. et al. Serum chemerin is associated with inflammatory and metabolic parameters\u2014results of a population-based study. Obesity 25(2), 468\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.21735 (2017).","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"11","key":"928_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002358","volume":"7","author":"B Bondue","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bondue, B. et al. ChemR23 dampens lung inflammation and enhances anti-viral immunity in a mouse model of acute viral pneumonia. PLoS Pathog. 7(11), e1002358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002358 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"9","key":"928_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-020-00950-2","volume":"40","author":"A Fioravanti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fioravanti, A. et al. Tocilizumab, adipokines and severe somplications of COVID-19. Clin. Drug Investig. 40(9), 891\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40261-020-00950-2 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Investig."},{"key":"928_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yin, J., Hou, P., Wu, Z. & Nie, Y. Decreased levels of serum omentin-1 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.\u00a0Med. Sci. Monit. 21, 118\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.892081 (2015).","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.892081"},{"key":"928_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rao, S. S., Hu, Y., Xie, P. L., Cao, J., Wang, Z.-X., Liu, J.-H. et al. Omentin-1 prevents inflammation-induced osteoporosis by downregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines.\u00a0Bone Res. 6, 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-018-0012-0 (2018).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-018-0012-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"928_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.5114\/pjp.2015.54956","volume":"66","author":"M Kukla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kukla, M. et al. Omentin serum concentration and hepatic expression in chronic hepatitis C patients\u2014Together or apart?. Pol. J. Pathol. 66(3), 231\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/pjp.2015.54956 (2015).","journal-title":"Pol. J. Pathol."},{"key":"928_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tan, B. K., Adya, R., Farhatullah, S. Lewandowski, K. C., O-Hare, P., Lehnert, H. et al. Omentin-1, a novel adipokine, is decreased in overweight insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Ex vivo and in vivo regulation of omentin-1 by insulin and glucose. Diabetes 57 (4), 801\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db07-0990 (2008).","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0990"},{"key":"928_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qi, D., Tang, X., He, J, Zhao, Y., Deng, W., Deng, X. et al. Omentin protects against LPS-induced ARDS through suppressing pulmonary inflammation and promoting endothelial barrier via an Akt\/eNOS-dependent mechanism.\u00a0Cell Death Dis. 7 (9), e2360; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cddis.2016.265 (2016).","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.265"},{"issue":"6","key":"928_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2017.3176","volume":"40","author":"D Qi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qi, D. et al. Vaspin protects against LPS-induced ARDS by inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation in pulmonary endothelial cells via the Akt\/GSK3\u03b2 pathway. Int. J. Mol. Med. 40(6), 1803\u20131817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijmm.2017.3176 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"928_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, C. Obesity, inflammation, and lung injury (OILI): The good.\u00a0Mediators Inflamm. 2014, 978463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/978463 (2014).","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/978463"},{"key":"928_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Motal, M. C., Klaus, D. A., Lebherz-Eichinger, D., Tudor, B., Hamp, T. Wiegele, M. et al. Increased plasma vaspin concentration in patients with sepsis: an exploratory examination.\u00a0Biochem. Med. (Zagreb) 25 (1), 90\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11613\/BM.2015.011 (2015).","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2015.011"},{"issue":"4","key":"928_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.5114\/pjp.2012.32767","volume":"63","author":"M Kukla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kukla, M. et al. Serum vaspin may be a good indicator of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C and is not altered by antiviral therapy. Pol. J. Pathol. 63(4), 213\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/pjp.2012.32767 (2012).","journal-title":"Pol. J. Pathol."},{"key":"928_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Waluga, M., Kukla, M. & Kotulski, R., et al. Omentin, vaspin and irisin in chronic liver diseases. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26402\/jpp.2019.2.11 (2019).","DOI":"10.26402\/jpp.2019.2.11"},{"issue":"9","key":"928_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2009.01224.x","volume":"17","author":"M Kukla","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kukla, M. et al. Chemerin, vaspin and insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis C. J. Viral Hepat. 17(9), 661\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2009.01224.x (2010).","journal-title":"J. Viral Hepat."},{"key":"928_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang, R. X., Zheng, R. D. & Fan, J. G. Etiology and management of liver injury in patients with COVID-19.\u00a0World J. Gastroenterol. 26 (32), 4753\u20134762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v26.i32.4753 (2020)","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i32.4753"},{"key":"928_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Cardona-Ospina, J. A., Guti\u00e9rrez-Ocampo, E., Villamizar-Pena, R., Holguin-Rivera, Y., Escalera-Antezana, J. P., et al. Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.\u00a0Travel. Med. Infect. Dis. 34, 101623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101623 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101623"},{"key":"928_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cai, Q., Huang, D., Yu, H., Zhu, Z., Xia, Z., Su, Y., et al. COVID-19: Abnormal liver function tests.\u00a0J. Hepatol. 73 (3), 566\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.006 (2020)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.006"},{"issue":"4","key":"928_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.002","volume":"73","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19. J. Hepatol. 73(4), 807\u2013816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.002 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"928_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study Lancet 395 (10229), 1054\u20131062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3 (2020)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3"},{"issue":"10223","key":"928_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, C. et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395(10223), 497\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"928_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","volume":"323","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, D. et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 323(11), 1061\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.1585 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"928_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vespa, E., Pugliese, N., Piovani, D., Capogreco, A., Danese, S., Aghemo, A., et al. Liver tests abnormalities in COVID-19: trick or treat?.\u00a0J. Hepatol. 73 (5), 1275\u20131276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.033 (2020)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.033"},{"key":"928_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adamska, A., \u0141ebkowska, A., Krentowska, A., Adamski, M. & Kowalska, I. The association between serum ferritin concentration and visceral adiposity estimated by whole-body DXA scan in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.\u00a0Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 10, 873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00873 (2020).","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00873"},{"issue":"10","key":"928_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.10.2486","volume":"28","author":"T Iwasaki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Iwasaki, T. et al. Serum ferritin is associated with visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat area. Diabetes Care 28(10), 2486\u20132491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.28.10.2486 (2005).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9414","key":"928_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15856-X","volume":"363","author":"K Shiwaku","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shiwaku, K., Anuurad, E., Enkhmaa, B., Kitajima, K. & Yamane, Y. Appropriate BMI for Asian populations. Lancet 363(9414), 1077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15856-X (2004).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"928_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan, A., Khan, W. M., Ayub, M., Humayun, M. & Haroon, M. Ferritin is a marker of inflammation rather than iron deficiency in overweight and obese people.\u00a0J. Obes. 2016, 1937320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/1937320 (2016).","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1937320"},{"issue":"1","key":"928_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57010068","volume":"57","author":"I Ilias","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ilias, I. et al. Glycemia, beta-cell function and sensitivity to insulin in mildly to critically ill Covid-19 patients. Medicina (Kaunas) 57(1), 68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57010068 (2021).","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"928_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rajpal, A., Rahimi, L. & Ismail-Beigi, F. Factors leading to high morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes. J. Diabetes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1753-0407.13085 (2020).","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13085"},{"key":"928_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Finucane, F. M. & Davenport, C. Coronavirus and obesity: could insulin resistance mediate the severity of Covid-19 infection?.\u00a0Front. Public Health 8, 184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00184 (2020).","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00184"},{"issue":"4","key":"928_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.049","volume":"14","author":"R Pal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pal, R. & Bhadada, S. K. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: An unholy interaction of two pandemics. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. 14(4), 513\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.049 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-00928-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-00928-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-00928-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T17:05:45Z","timestamp":1670087145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-00928-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-00928-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 November 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21514"}}