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This study investigated the association of KIR\/HLA pairs with progression to liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, and nucleot(s)ide (NUC) treatment freedom in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. KIR, HLA-Bw, and HLA-C were genotyped in 280 Japanese HBV patients for clinical comparisons. No significant associations of KIR\/HLA pairs were detected in terms of liver cirrhosis development. The KIR2DS3 positive rate was significantly higher in patients with HCC (n\u2009=\u200939) than in those without (n\u2009=\u2009241) [30.8% vs. 14.9%, odds ratio (OR) 2.53, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015]. The KIR3DL1\/HLA-Bw4 pair rate was significantly lower in the NUC freedom group (n\u2009=\u200920) than in the NUC continue group (n\u2009=\u2009114) (25.0% vs. 52.6%, OR 0.30, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.042). In conclusion, this study indicated remarkable associations of KIR\/HLA with HCC development (KIR2DS3) and freedom from NUC therapy (KIR3DL1\/HLA-Bw4) in HBV patients, although the number of cases was insufficient for statistical purposes. Additional multi-center analyses of larger groups are needed to clarify whether KIR\/HLA pairs play a role in HBV patient status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01014-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T11:03:37Z","timestamp":1635851017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association analysis of KIR\/HLA genotype with liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and NUC freedom in chronic hepatitis B patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Satoru","family":"Joshita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shun-ichi","family":"Wakabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayumi","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoo","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeji","family":"Umemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1014_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90585-7","volume":"2","author":"RP Beasley","year":"1981","unstructured":"Beasley, R. 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