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Until now, edentulism in Ceratosauria was exclusive to adult individuals of <jats:italic>Limusaurus<\/jats:italic>. Here, an exceptionally complete skeleton of a new toothless ceratosaur, <jats:italic>Berthasaura leopoldinae<\/jats:italic> gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Cretaceous aeolian sandstones of the Bauru Basin, Southern Brazil. The specimen resembles adult individuals of <jats:italic>Limusaurus<\/jats:italic> by the absence of teeth but based on the unfused condition of several elements (e.g., skull, vertebral column) it clearly represents an ontogenetically immature individual, indicating that it might never have had teeth. The phylogenetic analysis performed here has nested <jats:italic>Berthasaura leopoldinae<\/jats:italic> as an early-divergent Noasauridae, not closely related to <jats:italic>Limusaurus<\/jats:italic>. It represents the most complete non-avian theropod from the Brazilian Cretaceous and preserves the most complete noasaurid axial series known so far. Moreover, the new taxon exhibits many novel osteological features, uncommon in non-avian theropods, and unprecedented even among South American ceratosaurs. These include not only toothless jaws but also a premaxilla with cutting occlusal edge, and a slightly downturned rostral tip. This indicate that <jats:italic>B. leopoldinae<\/jats:italic> unlikely had the same diet as other ceratosaurs, most being regarded as carnivorous. As the ontogenetically more mature specimens of <jats:italic>Limusaurus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Berthasaura<\/jats:italic> might have been herbivorous or at least omnivorous, corroborating with an early evolutionary divergence of noasaurids from the ceratosaurian bauplan by disparate feeding modes.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01312-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T11:06:20Z","timestamp":1637233580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Geovane Alves","family":"de Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina Bento","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz Carlos","family":"Weinsch\u00fctz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Everton","family":"Wilner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Tadeu","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga Maria Oliveira","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander Wilhelm Armin","family":"Kellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1312_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520242098.003.0005","volume-title":"The Dinosauria","author":"RS Tykoski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tykoski, R. 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