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Here we investigated the\n                    <jats:italic>short-term<\/jats:italic>\n                    effects of exercise, to determine if a 1-week intervention is sufficient to induce brain changes. Fifteen healthy young males completed five supervised exercise training sessions over seven days. This was preceded and followed by a multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan (diffusion-weighted MRI, perfusion-weighted MRI, dual-calibrated functional MRI) acquired 1\u00a0week apart, and blood sampling for BDNF. A diffusion tractography analysis showed, after exercise, a significant reduction relative to baseline in restricted fraction\u2014an axon-specific metric\u2014in the corpus callosum, uncinate fasciculus, and parahippocampal cingulum. A voxel-based approach found an increase in fractional anisotropy and reduction in radial diffusivity symmetrically, in voxels predominantly localised in the corpus callosum. A selective increase in hippocampal blood flow was found following exercise, with no change in vascular reactivity. BDNF levels were not altered. Thus, we demonstrate that 1\u00a0week of exercise is sufficient to induce microstructural and vascular brain changes on a group level, independent of BDNF, providing new insight into the temporal dynamics of plasticity, necessary to exploit the therapeutic potential of exercise.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01630-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T06:06:09Z","timestamp":1636610769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Changes in white matter microstructure and MRI-derived cerebral blood flow after 1-week of exercise training"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"J. 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