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However, while myocardial adaptations of the left heart are well described, remodelling of the right heart and its impact on the development of arrhythmias is still debated. To conduct a systematic review on right ventricle (RV) and right atrium (RA) structural and functional changes in athletes who participate in long-term endurance training. Systematic review. A systematic literature search was conducted. All the articles reporting right heart echocardiographic (ECHO) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters evaluated in endurance athletes and sedentary subjects were considered eligible. A multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate whether age, sex, body surface area (BSA), intensity of training are associated with RV ECHO, CMR parameters and RA ECHO parameters. A positive association between age and right atrium area (RAA) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) was found. This is a negative association to RV E\/A (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), and RV end diastolic diameter (RVED) longitudinal (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). A positive association between BSA and RVED middle (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), as well between BSA and RAA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05) was found, along with a negative association with RV E\/A (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). A positive association between intensity of training and RV end systolic area (RVESA) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03), RV end diastolic volume indexed (RVEDVI) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01), RV end systolic volume indexed (RVESVI) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) was found, along with a negative association with ejection fraction (EF %) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). Endurance athletes demonstrated an association between RV remodelling and age, BSA and intensity of training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02028-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T11:06:20Z","timestamp":1637233580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Right heart exercise-training-adaptation and remodelling in endurance athletes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"Conti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Migliorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pilone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda I.","family":"Barriopedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Ramos-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javer Calderon","family":"Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Maffulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2028_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.06.074","volume":"164","author":"AM Bernheim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bernheim, A. 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