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Treatment failure and resistance are due to hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) activated by cancer cells adapt to hypoxia. IGFBP3, which was previously identified as a growth\/invasion\/metastasis suppressor of ovarian cancer, plays a key role in inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. Although IGFBP3 can effectively downregulate tumor proliferation and vasculogenesis, its effects are only transient. Tumors enter a hypoxic state when they grow large and without blood vessels; then, the tumor cells activate HIFs to regulate cell metabolism, proliferation, and induce vasculogenesis to adapt to hypoxic stress. After IGFBP3 was transiently expressed in highly invasive ovarian cancer cell line and heterotransplant on mice, the xenograft tumors demonstrated a transient growth arrest with de-vascularization, causing tumor cell hypoxia. Tumor re-proliferation was associated with early HIF-1\u03b1 and later HIF-2\u03b1 activations. Both HIF-1\u03b1 and HIF-2\u03b1 were related to IGFBP3 expressions. In the down-expression of IGFBP3 in xenograft tumors and transfectants, HIF-2\u03b1 was the major activated protein. This study suggests that HIF-2\u03b1 presentation is crucial in the switching of epithelial ovarian cancer from dormancy to proliferation states. In highly invasive cells, the cancer hallmarks associated with aggressiveness could be activated to escape from the growth restriction state.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02400-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T11:08:02Z","timestamp":1637838482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Differential expression of hypoxia-inducible factors related to the invasiveness of epithelial ovarian cancer"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ho-Jun","family":"Shih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Fang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pao-Ling","family":"Torng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2400_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33326-3","volume":"391","author":"C Allemani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allemani, C. et al. 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