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However, no millipede has ever been described with more than 750 legs. We discovered a new record-setting species of millipede with 1,306 legs,\n                    <jats:italic>Eumillipes persephone<\/jats:italic>\n                    , from Western Australia. This diminutive animal (0.95\u00a0mm wide, 95.7\u00a0mm long) has 330 segments, a cone-shaped head with enormous antennae, and a beak for feeding. A distant relative of the previous record holder,\n                    <jats:italic>Illacme plenipes<\/jats:italic>\n                    from California, it belongs to a different order, the Polyzoniida. Discovered 60\u00a0m below ground in a drill hole created for mineral exploration,\n                    <jats:italic>E. persephone<\/jats:italic>\n                    possesses troglomorphic features; it lacks eyes and pigmentation, and it has a greatly elongated body\u2014features that stand in stark contrast to its closest surface-dwelling relatives in Australia and all other members of its order. Using phylogenomics, we found that super-elongation (&gt;\u2009180 segments) evolved repeatedly in the millipede class Diplopoda. The striking morphological similarity between\n                    <jats:italic>E. persephone<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>I. plenipes<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a result of convergent evolution, probably for locomotion in similar soil habitats. Discovered in the resource-rich Goldfields-Esperance region and threatened by encroaching surface mining, documentation of this species and conservation of its habitat are of critical importance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02447-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T12:05:43Z","timestamp":1639656343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The first true millipede\u20141306 legs long"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Marek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno A.","family":"Buzatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Shear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackson C.","family":"Means","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis G.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanita","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2447_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1666\/0022-3360(2004)078<0169:MATOPM>2.0.CO;2","volume":"78","author":"HM Wilson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wilson, H. 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