{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T15:40:37Z","timestamp":1793029237892,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637798400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of Youth in China","award":["81601907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81601907"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020M670863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M670863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20200201345JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200201345JC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009991","name":"Department of Finance of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020SCZ63"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020SCZ63"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009991","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high hip center technique (HHC) is considered to be feasible for acetabular reconstruction in patients with DDH, but there is little in-depth study of its specific impact on Crowe type II and III DDH. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously analyze the effect of HHC on bone coverage of the cup (CC) in the acetabular reconstruction of type II and III DDH patients and to propose a map of acetabular bone defects from the perspective of the cup. Forty-nine hip CT data of 39 patients with DDH (Crowe type II and III) were collected to simulate acetabular reconstruction by cup models of different sizes (diameter 38mm\u201350\u00a0mm, 2\u00a0mm increment) with the HHC technique. The frequency distribution was plotted by overlapping the portions of the 44\u00a0mm cups that were not covered by the host bone. The mean CC of cups with sizes of 38\u00a0mm, 40\u00a0mm, 42\u00a0mm, 44\u00a0mm, 46\u00a0mm, 48\u00a0mm, and 50\u00a0mm at the true acetabula were 77.85%, 76.71%, 75.73%, 74.56%, 73.68%, 72.51%, and 71.75%, respectively, and the maximum CC increments were 21.24%, 21.58%, 20.86%, 20.04%, 18.62%, 17.18%, and 15.42% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), respectively, after the cups were elevated from the true acetabula. The bone defect map shows that 95% of type II and III DDH acetabula had posterosuperior bone defects, and approximately 60% were located outside the force line of the hip joint. Acetabular cups can meet a CC of more than 70% at the true acetabulum, and approximately 60% of Crowe type II and III DDH patients can obtain satisfactory CC at the true acetabulum by using a 44-mm cup without additional operations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02448-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T11:06:44Z","timestamp":1637838404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Bone defect map of the true acetabulum in hip dysplasia (Crowe type II and III) based on three-dimensional image reconstruction analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xinggui","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianlin","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongli","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7175-2726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianlin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2448_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961010-00004","volume":"61","author":"JF Crowe","year":"1979","unstructured":"Crowe, J. F., Mani, V. J. & Ranawat, C. S. Total hip replacement in congenital dislocation and dysplasia of the hip. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 61(1), 15\u201323 (1979).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"9s","key":"2448_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.02.024","volume":"32","author":"EM Greber","year":"2017","unstructured":"Greber, E. M. et al. Challenges in total hip arthroplasty in the setting of developmental dysplasia of the hip. J. Arthroplasty. 32(9s), S38-s44 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"1","key":"2448_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B1.15199","volume":"87","author":"A Chougle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chougle, A., Hemmady, M. V. & Hodgkinson, J. P. Severity of hip dysplasia and loosening of the socket in cemented total hip replacement. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 87(1), 16\u201320 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Br."},{"issue":"2","key":"2448_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200402000-00005","volume":"86","author":"G Hartofilakidis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hartofilakidis, G. & Karachalios, T. Total hip arthroplasty for congenital hip disease. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 86(2), 242\u2013250 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"2448_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199804000-00007","volume":"80","author":"G Hartofilakidis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hartofilakidis, G., Stamos, K. & Karachalios, T. Treatment of high dislocation of the hip in adults with total hip arthroplasty: Operative technique and long-term clinical results. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 80(4), 510 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"2448_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-02088-5","volume":"15","author":"P Mou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mou, P., Liao, K., Chen, H. L. & Yang, J. Controlled fracture of the medial wall versus structural autograft with bulk femoral head to increase cup coverage by host bone for total hip arthroplasty in osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip: A retrospective cohort study. J. Orthop. Surg. Res. 15(1), 561 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2448_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-5107-6","volume":"475","author":"M Maruyama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maruyama, M., Wakabayashi, S., Ota, H. & Tensho, K. Reconstruction of the shallow acetabulum with a combination of autologous bulk and impaction bone grafting fixed by cement. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 475(2), 387\u2013395 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"2448_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199711000-00001","volume":"79","author":"DH Sochart","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sochart, D. H. & Porter, M. L. The long-term results of Charnley low-friction arthroplasty in young patients who have congenital dislocation, degenerative osteoarthrosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 79(11), 1599\u20131617 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"2448_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-5403(97)90172-8","volume":"12","author":"BP Lee","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lee, B. P., Cabanela, M. E., Wallrichs, S. L. & Ilstrup, D. M. Bone-graft augmentation for acetabular deficiencies in total hip arthroplasty: Results of long-term follow-up evaluation. J. Arthroplasty. 12(5), 503\u2013510 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"3","key":"2448_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01829","volume":"92","author":"GE Petsatodis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Petsatodis, G. E., Papadopoulos, P. P., Papavasiliou, K. A., Hatzokos, I. G. & Christodoulou, A. G. Primary cementless total hip arthroplasty with an alumina ceramic-on-ceramic bearing. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 92(3), 639\u2013644 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"2448_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2004.02.032","volume":"19","author":"AA Shetty","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shetty, A. A. et al. Bulk femoral-head autografting in uncemented total hip arthroplasty for acetabular dysplasia: Results at 8 to 11 years follow-up. J. Arthroplasty. 19(6), 706\u2013713 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty."},{"key":"2448_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200403000-00014","volume":"420","author":"KJ Bozic","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bozic, K. J., Freiberg, A. A. & Harris, W. H. The high hip center. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 420, 101\u2013105 (2004).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2448_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.01.041","volume":"33","author":"M Montalti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Montalti, M. et al. Cementless total hip arthroplasty in Crowe III and IV dysplasia: High hip center and modular necks. J. Arthroplasty. 33(6), 1813\u20131819 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"12","key":"2448_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.158298","volume":"128","author":"ZL Gao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gao, Z. L., Xiao, J. L., Zuo, J. L., Liu, P. & Liu, T. Cross-sectional anatomy of ilium for guiding acetabular component placement using high hip center technique in asian population. Chin. Med. J 128(12), 1579 (2015).","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2448_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.10.021","volume":"33","author":"B Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, B. et al. Computed tomographic evaluation of bone stock in patients with Crowe Type III developmental dysplasia of the hip: Implications for guiding acetabular component placement using the high hip center technique. J. Arthroplasty. 33(3), 915\u2013918 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"6","key":"2448_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2015.12.019","volume":"31","author":"J Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu, J. et al. Posterosuperior placement of a standard-sized cup at the true acetabulum in acetabular reconstruction of developmental dysplasia of the hip with high dislocation. J. Arthroplasty. 31(6), 1233\u20131239 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"17","key":"2448_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00729","volume":"99","author":"Y Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Morphological analysis of true acetabulum in hip dysplasia (Crowe Classes I-IV) via 3-D implantation simulation. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 99(17), e92 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"9","key":"2448_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00881","volume":"91","author":"BMWC Armitage","year":"2009","unstructured":"Armitage, B. M. W. C. et al. Mapping of scapular fractures with three-dimensional computed tomography. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 91(9), 2222\u20132228 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"21","key":"2448_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00473","volume":"99","author":"Y Zhan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhan, Y., Xie, X., Dong, M., He, Q. & Luo, C. Two and three-dimensional CT mapping of Hoffa fractures. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 99(21), 1866\u20131874 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"7","key":"2448_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.05.026","volume":"49","author":"Y Yun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yun, Y. et al. Mapping of 238 quadrilateral plate fractures with three-dimensional computed tomography. Injury 49(7), 1307\u20131312 (2018).","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"10","key":"2448_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-020-03457-1","volume":"49","author":"A Turow","year":"2020","unstructured":"Turow, A., Bulstra, A. E., Oldhoff, M., Hayat, B. & Bain, G. I. 3D mapping of scaphoid fractures and comminution. Skeletal Radiol. 49(10), 1633\u20131647 (2020).","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2448_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.00753","volume":"98","author":"E Sariali","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sariali, E., Boukhelifa, N., Catonne, Y. & Moussellard, H. P. Comparison of three-dimensional planning-assisted and conventional acetabular cup positioning in total hip arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 98(2), 108\u2013116 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"10","key":"2448_CR23","first-page":"2231","volume":"88","author":"KJ Hendricks","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hendricks, K. J. & Harris, W. H. High placement of noncemented acetabular components in revision total hip arthroplasty: A concise follow-up, at a minimum of fifteen years, of a previous report. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 88(10), 2231\u20132236 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"2448_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200107000-00020","volume":"388","author":"K Hirakawa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hirakawa, K. et al. Effect of acetabular cup position and orientation in cemented total hip arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 388, 135\u2013142 (2001).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2448_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e313","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20120222-28","volume":"35","author":"T Murayama","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murayama, T. et al. 15-year comparison of cementless total hip arthroplasty with anatomical or high cup placement for Crowe I to III Hip dysplasia. Orthopedics 35(3), e313\u2013e318 (2012).","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2448_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3187-0","volume":"472","author":"DH Nawabi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nawabi, D. H., Meftah, M., Nam, D., Ranawat, A. S. & Ranawat, C. S. Durable fixation achieved with medialized, high hip center cementless THAs for Crowe II and III dysplasia. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 472(2), 630\u2013636 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"2448_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2019.06.063","volume":"34","author":"B Karaismailoglu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karaismailoglu, B., Kaynak, G., Can, A., Ozsahin, M. & Erdogan, F. Bilateral high hip center provides gait parameters similar to anatomical reconstruction: A gait analysis study in hip replacement patients with bilateral developmental dysplasia. J. Arthroplasty. 34(12), 3099\u20133105 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"10","key":"2448_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2016.03.014","volume":"31","author":"K Komiyama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Komiyama, K. et al. Does high hip center decrease range of motion in total hip arthroplasty? A Computer simulation study. J. Arthroplasty. 31(10), 2342\u20132347 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"19","key":"2448_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00779","volume":"94","author":"BA Rogers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rogers, B. A. et al. Total hip arthroplasty for adult hip dysplasia. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 94(19), 1809\u20131821 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"311","key":"2448_CR30","first-page":"40","volume":"311","author":"M Jasty","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jasty, M., Anderson, M. J. & Harris, W. H. Total hip replacement for developmental dysplasia of the hip. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 311(311), 40\u201345 (1995).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2448_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.75B3.8496225","volume":"75","author":"HM Sch\u00fcller","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcller, H. M., Dalstra, M., Huiskes, R. & Marti, R. K. Total hip reconstruction in acetabular dysplasia: A finite element study. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 75(3), 468\u2013474 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Br."},{"issue":"5","key":"2448_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199605000-00007","volume":"78","author":"G Hartofilakidis","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hartofilakidis, G. et al. Congenital hip disease in adults: Classification of acetabular deficiencies and operative treatment with acetabuloplasty combined with total hip arthroplasty. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 78(5), 683\u2013692 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"10","key":"2448_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2370-z","volume":"470","author":"M Fujii","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fujii, M., Nakashima, Y., Sato, T., Akiyama, M. & Iwamoto, Y. Acetabular tilt correlates with acetabular version and coverage in hip dysplasia. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 470(10), 2827\u20132835 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2448_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850903049366","volume":"50","author":"RY Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu, R. Y., Wang, K. Z., Wang, C. S., Dang, X. Q. & Tong, Z. Q. Evaluation of medial acetabular wall bone stock in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip using a helical computed tomography multiplanar reconstruction technique. Acta Radiol. 50(7), 791\u2013797 (2009).","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-02448-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-02448-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-02448-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T17:48:13Z","timestamp":1670089693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-02448-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-02448-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"22955"}}