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Type I IFNs can be induced by transcribed retrotransposons. The regulation of retrotransposons and type I IFN and the downstream IFN pathways in SLE, DM, and autoimmune blistering disease (AIBD) were investigated. The gene expression levels of retrotransposons, including\n                    <jats:italic>LINE-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , type I-III IFNs, and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in peripheral blood cells from patients with DM (n\u2009=\u200924), SLE (n\u2009=\u200919), AIBD (n\u2009=\u200914) and healthy controls (HCs, n\u2009=\u200910) were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Upregulation of retrotransposons and IFNs was detected in DM patient samples, as is characteristic, compared to HCs; however, ISGs were not uniformly upregulated. In contrast, retrotransposons and IFNs, except for type II IFN, such as IFN-\u03b3, were not upregulated in SLE. In AIBD, only some retrotransposons and type I interferons were upregulated. The DM, SLE, and AIBD samples showed coordinated expression of retrotransposons and type I IFNs and distinct spectra of IFN signaling. A positive correlation between LINE-1 and IFN-\u03b21 was also detected in human cell lines. These factors may participate in the development of these autoimmune diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02522-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T12:53:32Z","timestamp":1638276812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Coordination of retrotransposons and type I interferon with distinct interferon pathways in dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune blistering disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yuko","family":"Kuriyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saki","family":"Kanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Oikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sei-ichiro","family":"Motegi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuminori","family":"Tokunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2522_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3731","volume":"18","author":"AN Theofilopoulos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Theofilopoulos, A. 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