{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:50:35Z","timestamp":1787003435431,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Carriage of\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an accepted endpoint in monitoring meningococcal vaccines effects. We have assessed\n                    <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and vaccine-type genogroup carriage prevalence in college students at the time of MenACWY vaccine introduction in the Netherlands, and evaluated the feasibility of saliva sampling for the surveillance of carriage. For this, paired saliva and oropharyngeal samples collected from 299 students were cultured for meningococcus. The DNA extracted from all bacterial growth was subjected to qPCRs quantifying meningococcal and genogroup-specific genes presence. Samples negative by culture yet positive for qPCR were cultured again for meningococcus. Altogether 74 (25%) of students were identified as meningococcal carrier by any method. Sixty-one students (20%) were identified as carriers with qPCR. The difference between number of qPCR-positive oropharyngeal (n\u2009=\u200959) and saliva (n\u2009=\u200952) samples was not significant (McNemar\u2019s test,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.07). Meningococci were cultured from 72 students (24%), with a significantly higher (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) number of oropharyngeal (n\u2009=\u200970) compared with saliva (n\u2009=\u200954) samples. The prevalence of genogroups A, B, C, W, and Y was none, 9%, 1%, 1% and 6%, respectively, and 8% of students carried MenACWY vaccine-type genogroup meningococci. Saliva is easy to collect and when combined with qPCR detection can be considered for meningococcal carriage studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02555-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T12:53:32Z","timestamp":1638276812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Detection of Neisseria meningitidis in saliva and oropharyngeal samples from college students"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Willem R.","family":"Miellet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Mariman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerlinde","family":"Pluister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieke J.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Grift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stijn","family":"Wijkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elske M.","family":"van Logchem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janieke","family":"van Veldhuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Monique","family":"Immink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alienke J.","family":"Wijmenga-Monsuur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nynke Y.","family":"Rots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth A. 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The other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"23138"}}