{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:00:52Z","timestamp":1772136052483,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Juntendo University, internal funding"},{"name":"Sysmex, internal funding"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Here, we aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of a novel automated immunoassay HISCL SARS-CoV-2 Antigen assay kit designed to detect the nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This kit comprises automated chemiluminescence detection systems. Western blot analysis confirmed that anti-SARS-CoV antibodies detected SARS-CoV-2N proteins. The best cut-off index was determined, and clinical performance was tested using 115 nasopharyngeal swab samples obtained from 46 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 69 individuals who tested negative for COVID-19 through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The HISCL Antigen assay kit showed a sensitivity of 95.4% and 16.6% in samples with copy numbers &gt;\u2009100 and &lt;\u200999, respectively. The kit did not cross-react with human coronaviruses causing seasonal common cold and influenza, and none of the 69 individuals without COVID-19 were diagnosed with positive results. Importantly, 81.8% of the samples with low virus load (&lt;\u200950 copy numbers) were diagnosed as negative. Thus, using HISCL antigen assay kits may reduce overdiagnosis compared with RT-qPCR tests. The rapid and high-throughput HISCL SARS-CoV-2 Antigen assay kit developed here proved suitable for screening infectious COVID-19 and may help control the pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02636-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T06:04:42Z","timestamp":1638338682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Performance and usefulness of a novel automated immunoassay HISCL SARS-CoV-2 Antigen assay kit for the diagnosis of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kaori","family":"Saito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinori","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norihiro","family":"Kikukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Kyoutou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Chonan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeaki","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshie","family":"Hosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Misawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruhi","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Matsushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Hiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Okuzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Naito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Miida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Tabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2636_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241826","volume":"15","author":"M Zdravkovic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zdravkovic, M., Berger-Estilita, J., Zdravkovic, B. & Berger, D. Scientific quality of COVID-19 and SARS CoV-2 publications in the highest impact medical journals during the early phase of the pandemic: A case control study. PLoS ONE 15, e0241826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241826 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2636_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-01834-3","volume":"583","author":"N Fleming","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fleming, N. Coronavirus misinformation, and how scientists can help to fight it. Nature 583, 155\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-020-01834-3 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2636_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-01098-x","volume":"580","author":"M Paterlini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paterlini, M. \u201cClosing borders is ridiculous\u201d: the epidemiologist behind Sweden\u2019s controversial coronavirus strategy. Nature 580, 574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-020-01098-x (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2636_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s41235-020-00262-1","volume":"5","author":"CM Greene","year":"2020","unstructured":"Greene, C. M. & Murphy, G. Individual differences in susceptibility to false memories for COVID-19 fake news. Cogn. Res. Princ. Implic. 5, 63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41235-020-00262-1 (2020).","journal-title":"Cogn. Res. Princ. Implic."},{"key":"2636_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2021.1902549","author":"N Kenworthy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kenworthy, N., Koon, A. & Mendenhall, E. On symbols and scripts: The politics of the American COVID-19 response. Glob. Public Health https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17441692.2021.1902549 (2021).","journal-title":"Glob. Public Health"},{"key":"2636_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.402","volume":"22","author":"Y Tokuda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tokuda, Y. et al. Authors\u2019 reply: Independent investigation may be more reliable in the event with political nature. J. Gen. Fam. Med. 22, 115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgf2.402 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Fam. Med."},{"key":"2636_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2021.110734","volume":"175","author":"EJR Clarke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clarke, E. J. R., Klas, A. & Dyos, E. The role of ideological attitudes in responses to COVID-19 threat and government restrictions in Australia. Pers. Ind. Differ. 175, 110734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2021.110734 (2021).","journal-title":"Pers. Ind. Differ."},{"key":"2636_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau5485","author":"JK Taubenberger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taubenberger, J. K., Kash, J. C. & Morens, D. M. The 1918 influenza pandemic: 100 years of questions answered and unanswered. Sci. Transl. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau5485 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2636_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.07.011","volume":"13","author":"M Bchetnia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bchetnia, M., Girard, C., Duchaine, C. & Laprise, C. The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A review of the current global status. J. Infect. Public Health 13, 1601\u20131610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.07.011 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"2636_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.11.002","author":"M Mustafa Hellou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mustafa Hellou, M. et al. Nucleic acid amplification tests on respiratory samples for the diagnosis of coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.11.002 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"2636_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e120","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2025631","volume":"383","author":"MJ Mina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mina, M. J., Parker, R. & Larremore, D. B. Rethinking Covid-19 test sensitivity: A strategy for containment. N. Engl. J. Med. 383, e120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp2025631 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2636_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.Es.2020.25.32.2001483","author":"A Singanayagam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singanayagam, A. et al. Duration of infectiousness and correlation with RT-PCR cycle threshold values in cases of COVID-19, England, January to May 2020. Euro Surveill. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.Es.2020.25.32.2001483 (2020).","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"2636_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1249","author":"C Rhee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rhee, C., Kanjilal, S., Baker, M. & Klompas, M. Duration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectivity: When is it safe to discontinue isolation?. Clin. Infect. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1249 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2636_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03913-9","volume":"39","author":"B La Scola","year":"2020","unstructured":"La Scola, B. et al. Viral RNA load as determined by cell culture as a management tool for discharge of SARS-CoV-2 patients from infectious disease wards. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 39, 1059\u20131061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-020-03913-9 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2636_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00655-9","author":"S Roy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roy, S. Physicians\u2019 dilemma of false-positive RT-PCR for COVID-19: a case report. SN Compr. Clin. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42399-020-00655-9 (2021).","journal-title":"SN Compr. Clin. Med."},{"key":"2636_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.supp.2020.37.48.26881","volume":"37","author":"D Ndwandwe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ndwandwe, D., Mathebula, L., Adetokunboh, O., Kamadjeu, R. & Wiysonge, C. S. Cochrane corner: universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pan Afr. Med. J. 37, 48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.supp.2020.37.48.26881 (2020).","journal-title":"Pan Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"2636_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104412","volume":"128","author":"PB van Kasteren","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Kasteren, P. B. et al. Comparison of seven commercial RT-PCR diagnostic kits for COVID-19. J. Clin. Virol. 128, 104412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104412 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"2636_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30453-7","volume":"8","author":"E Surkova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Surkova, E., Nikolayevskyy, V. & Drobniewski, F. False-positive COVID-19 results: Hidden problems and costs. Lancet Respir. Med. 8, 1167\u20131168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30453-7 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"2636_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S233","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2021.S1.200413","volume":"34","author":"R Piltch-Loeb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Piltch-Loeb, R., Jeong, K. Y., Lin, K. W., Kraemer, J. & Stoto, M. A. Interpreting COVID-19 test results in clinical settings: It depends!. J. Am. Board Fam. Med. 34, S233\u2013S243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3122\/jabfm.2021.S1.200413 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Am. Board Fam. Med."},{"key":"2636_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0240775","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240775","volume":"15","author":"N Gray","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gray, N. et al. Is \u201cno test is better than a bad test\u201d? Impact of diagnostic uncertainty in mass testing on the spread of COVID-19. PLoS ONE 15, e0240775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0240775 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2636_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.26.20080911","author":"A Cohen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cohen, A., Kessel, B. & Milgroom, M. Diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection: the danger of over-reliance on positive test results. medRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.26.20080911 (2020).","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"2636_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00225","volume":"7","author":"P Mertens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mertens, P. et al. Development and potential usefulness of the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip diagnostic assay in a pandemic context. Front. Med. (Lausanne) 7, 225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2020.00225 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2636_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.08.029","volume":"99","author":"Y Hirotsu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hirotsu, Y. et al. Comparison of automated SARS-CoV-2 antigen test for COVID-19 infection with quantitative RT-PCR using 313 nasopharyngeal swabs, including from seven serially followed patients. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 99, 397\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.08.029 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2636_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01006-07","volume":"46","author":"K Fujimoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fujimoto, K. et al. Sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using chemiluminescence for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome viral infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46, 302\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.01006-07 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"2636_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-021-00692-5","author":"K Munne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Munne, K. et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR test: factors influencing interpretation of results. Virusdisease https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13337-021-00692-5 (2021).","journal-title":"Virusdisease"},{"key":"2636_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2020.061","volume":"73","author":"K Shirato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shirato, K. et al. Development of genetic diagnostic methods for detection for novel coronavirus 2019(nCoV-2019) in Japan. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 73, 304\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2020.061 (2020).","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2636_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560616","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.560616","volume":"10","author":"KU Islam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Islam, K. U. & Iqbal, J. An update on molecular diagnostics for COVID-19. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol. 10, 560616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2020.560616 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"2636_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-020-0275-2","volume":"6","author":"M Nuccetelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nuccetelli, M. et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection serology: a useful tool to overcome lockdown?. Cell Death Discov. 6, 38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-020-0275-2 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"2636_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26731","author":"K Leuzinger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leuzinger, K. et al. Epidemiology and precision of SARS-CoV-2 detection following lockdown and relaxation measures. J. Med. Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26731 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"2636_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26761","author":"P Bustos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bustos, P. et al. Quantitative Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal samples from infected patients with mild disease. J. Med. Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26761 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"2636_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf0366","author":"R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Service & R,. One number could help reveal how infectious a COVID-19 patient is. Should test results include it?. Science https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abf0366 (2020).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2636_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa345","volume":"71","author":"F Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu, F. et al. Quantitative detection and viral load analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 71, 793\u2013798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa345 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2636_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x","volume":"581","author":"R Wolfel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wolfel, R. et al. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature 581, 465\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2636_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1449","volume":"101","author":"A KarahasanYagci","year":"2020","unstructured":"KarahasanYagci, A. et al. Relationship of the cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction and total severity score of computerized tomography in patients with COVID 19. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 101, 160\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1449 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2636_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2020.10.021","volume":"39","author":"S Shah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shah, S., Singhal, T., Davar, N. & Thakkar, P. No correlation between Ct values and severity of disease or mortality in patients with COVID 19 disease. Indian J. Med. Microbiol. 39, 116\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2020.10.021 (2021).","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"2636_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMvcm2010260","volume":"382","author":"FM Marty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marty, F. M., Chen, K. & Verrill, K. A. How to obtain a nasopharyngeal swab specimen. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, e76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMvcm2010260 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03518-y","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000}}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-02636-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-02636-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-02636-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T12:59:48Z","timestamp":1670072388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-02636-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-02636-x","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-460544\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2021","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-03518-y","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-03518-y","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Sysmex Corporation provided reagents for HISCL SARS-CoV-2 Antigen assay kit measurements free of charge. Akinori Kawai, Jun Matsui, Yoshiyuki Fukushima, Norihiro Kikukawa, and Takuya Kyoutou are employees of Sysmex Corporation. The other authors (Kaori Saito, Tomohiko Ai, Masayoshi Chonan, Takeaki Kawakami, Yoshie Hosaka, Shigeki Misawa, Haruhi Takagi, Yasushi Matsushita, Makoto Hiki, Atsushi Okuzawa, Satoshi Hori, Toshio Naito, Takashi Miida, Kazuhisa Takahashi, and Yoko Tabe) do not have COI to disclose. This study was performed following strict adherence to academic standards.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"23196"}}