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We previously showed that pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma can be diagnosed by detecting MALT lymphoma translocation gene 1 (<jats:italic>MALT1<\/jats:italic>) translocations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells. Analysis of B-cell clonality based on immunoglobulin heavy chain (<jats:italic>IGH<\/jats:italic>) gene rearrangements was also reportedly useful for diagnosing pulmonary lymphoma. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to evaluate the yet unknown diagnostic potential of combined detection of <jats:italic>MALT1<\/jats:italic> translocations and clonality using BALF. We analyzed B- and T-cell clonality based on <jats:italic>IGH<\/jats:italic> and T-cell receptor (<jats:italic>TCR<\/jats:italic>) rearrangements together with <jats:italic>MALT1<\/jats:italic> translocations using BALF of patients with clinically suspected pulmonary lymphomas. In total, 39 patients were evaluated and categorized into three groups: B-cell lymphoma, lymphoproliferative disorders, and other diseases. <jats:italic>IGH<\/jats:italic> rearrangement detection for B-cell lymphoma diagnosis exhibited sensitivity and specificity of 88.9% and 90.0%, respectively. <jats:italic>TCR<\/jats:italic> rearrangements were not observed in patients with B-cell lymphomas. The presence of <jats:italic>IGH<\/jats:italic> rearrangements together with the absence of <jats:italic>TCR<\/jats:italic> rearrangements indicated 96.0% specificity for the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma. The sensitivity and specificity of <jats:italic>MALT1<\/jats:italic> translocations for diagnosing MALT lymphoma were 28.6% and 100%, respectively. The combined detection of lymphocyte clonality and <jats:italic>MALT1<\/jats:italic> translocations using BALF is suitable for screening and diagnosis of B-cell lymphomas. Analysis of specific genes such as <jats:italic>MALT1<\/jats:italic> should improve the precision of B-cell lymphoma diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02861-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T11:06:05Z","timestamp":1638788765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Combined detection of lymphocyte clonality and MALT1 translocations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosing pulmonary lymphomas"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanako","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mutsumi","family":"Ozasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kawabata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshinori","family":"Kawanami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriho","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiharu","family":"Yoshii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Fukuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masamitsu","family":"Nakazato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Kadota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Mukae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Yatera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2861_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)01535-0","volume":"69","author":"P Ferraro","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ferraro, P. et al. 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