{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T15:30:43Z","timestamp":1769527843428,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chonnam National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute","award":["BCRI20047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCRI20047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the resting heart rate (RHR) predicts the clinical outcomes of cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, diabetes mellitus, and the risk of cancer, its role in patients with musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), remains unclear. We explored the association of the RHR with the extents of radiographic changes in the knees and hands of 2369 subjects from the Dong-gu Study. The radiographic hand and knee joint findings were graded semi-quantitatively; we calculated total hand and knee joint scores. Multiple linear regression was performed to examine the associations between the RHR and the radiographic characteristics of these joints. For the knee joints, the RHR was associated positively with the total (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), osteophyte (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), joint space narrowing (JSN; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and tibial attrition (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) scores after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, educational and physical activity levels, and comorbidities. For the hand joints, the RHR was associated positively with the JSN (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) and subchondral cyst (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) scores after such adjustment. The RHR was not associated with the total, osteophyte, sclerosis, erosion, or malalignment score for the hand joints. This study is the first to reveal an association between the RHR and the radiographic severity of knee, but not hand, OA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03237-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T11:03:41Z","timestamp":1638961421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Elevated resting heart rate is associated with increased radiographic severity of knee but not hand joints"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sung-Eun","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haimuzi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hyoun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun-Seog","family":"Kweon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hye-Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung-Kil","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Ho","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin-Seok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3237_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.03.018","volume":"21","author":"T Neogi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neogi, T. The epidemiology and impact of pain in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 21, 1145\u20131153 (2013).","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"3237_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12795","volume":"20","author":"S Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee, S. & Kim, S. J. Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, risk factors, and quality of life: The Fifth Korean National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey. Int. J. Rheum. Dis. 20, 809\u2013817 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"3237_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e161","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2018.33.e161","volume":"33","author":"H Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim, H. et al. Impact of osteoarthritis on household catastrophic health expenditures in Korea. J. Korean Med. Sci. 33, e161 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"3237_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.04.079","volume":"50","author":"K Fox","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fox, K. et al. Resting heart rate in cardiovascular disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 50, 823\u2013830 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"3237_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00072212","volume":"42","author":"MT Jensen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jensen, M. T. et al. Resting heart rate is a predictor of mortality in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 42, 341\u2013349 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"3237_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2008.331","volume":"22","author":"Y Shigetoh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shigetoh, Y. et al. Higher heart rate may predispose to obesity and diabetes mellitus: 20-year prospective study in a general population. Am. J. Hypertens. 22, 151\u2013155 (2009).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"3237_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2014.09.004","volume":"38","author":"RC van Kruijsdijk","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Kruijsdijk, R. C. et al. The relation between resting heart rate and cancer incidence, cancer mortality and all-cause mortality in patients with manifest vascular disease. Cancer Epidemiol. 38, 715\u2013721 (2014).","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"3237_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.06.014","volume":"121","author":"P Libby","year":"2008","unstructured":"Libby, P. Role of inflammation in atherosclerosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Am. J. Med. 121, S21-31 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"3237_CR9","first-page":"63","volume":"22","author":"JC Dekkers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dekkers, J. C., Geenen, R., Godaert, G. L., Bijlsma, J. W. & van Doornen, L. J. Elevated sympathetic nervous system activity in patients with recently diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis with active disease. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 22, 63\u201370 (2004).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"3237_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/32.3.212","volume":"32","author":"SJ Piha","year":"1993","unstructured":"Piha, S. J. & Voipio-Pulkki, L. M. Elevated resting heart rate in rheumatoid arthritis: Possible role of physical deconditioning. Br. J. Rheumatol. 32, 212\u2013215 (1993).","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"3237_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.08.047","volume":"209","author":"VF Panoulas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Panoulas, V. F. et al. Target organ damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The role of blood pressure and heart rate. Atherosclerosis 209, 255\u2013260 (2010).","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"3237_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12046","volume":"17","author":"H Pieringer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pieringer, H. et al. Heart rate, ejection duration and subendocardial viability ratio in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as compared to controls. Int. J. Rheum. Dis. 17, 39\u201343 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"3237_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys244","volume":"43","author":"SS Kweon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kweon, S. S. et al. Cohort profile: The Namwon study and the Dong-gu study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 43, 558\u2013567 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"3237_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.11.009","volume":"15","author":"RD Altman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Altman, R. D. & Gold, G. E. Atlas of individual radiographic features in osteoarthritis, revised. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 15(Suppl A), A1-56 (2007).","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"3237_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0185343","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185343","volume":"12","author":"L Wen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wen, L. et al. Association between grip strength and hand and knee radiographic osteoarthritis in Korean adults: Data from the Dong-gu study. PLoS ONE 12, e0185343 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3237_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.11.009","volume":"113","author":"SP Whelton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Whelton, S. P. et al. Association between resting heart rate and inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen) (from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Am. J. Cardiol. 113, 644\u2013649 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"3237_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X16664323","volume":"8","author":"JB Driban","year":"2016","unstructured":"Driban, J. B. et al. Exploratory analysis of osteoarthritis progression among medication users: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Ther. Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis. 8, 207\u2013219 (2016).","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis."},{"key":"3237_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23091","volume":"69","author":"AM Valdes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Valdes, A. M. et al. Association of beta-blocker use with less prevalent joint pain and lower opioid requirement in people with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res. (Hoboken) 69, 1076\u20131081 (2017).","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res. (Hoboken)"},{"key":"3237_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1040-9","volume":"17","author":"L Wen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wen, L. et al. Associations between body composition measurements of obesity and radiographic osteoarthritis in older adults: Data from the Dong-gu Study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 17, 192 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"3237_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81513-z","volume":"11","author":"H Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, H. et al. Increased adiponectin levels are associated with higher radiographic scores in the knee joint, but not in the hand joint. Sci. Rep. 11, 1842 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"3237_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001944","volume":"51","author":"VB Kraus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kraus, V. B. et al. Effects of physical activity in knee and hip osteoarthritis: A systematic umbrella review. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 51, 1324\u20131339 (2019).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"3237_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31829550c6","volume":"30","author":"JA Rabbitts","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rabbitts, J. A., Holley, A. L., Karlson, C. W. & Palermo, T. M. Bidirectional associations between pain and physical activity in adolescents. Clin. J. Pain 30, 251\u2013258 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"3237_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2021.109948","volume":"82","author":"R Sohn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sohn, R. et al. Adrenergic signalling in osteoarthritis. Cell Signal 82, 109948 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"3237_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2018.04.001","volume":"31","author":"A Courties","year":"2017","unstructured":"Courties, A., Sellam, J. & Berenbaum, F. Role of the autonomic nervous system in osteoarthritis. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol. 31, 661\u2013675 (2017).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"3237_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2008.10.001","volume":"8","author":"GQ Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang, G. Q. & Zhang, W. Heart rate, lifespan, and mortality risk. Ageing Res. Rev. 8, 52\u201360 (2009).","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-03237-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-03237-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-03237-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T18:28:54Z","timestamp":1670092134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-03237-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-03237-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"23697"}}