{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T00:49:52Z","timestamp":1762044592370,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the differences in left atrial (LA) function and geometry assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) between transthyretin (ATTR) and immunoglobulin light chain (AL) cardiac amyloidosis (CA). We performed a retrospective analysis of 54 consecutive patients (68.5% male, mean age 67\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u00a0years) with confirmed CA (24 ATTR, 30 AL) who underwent comprehensive CMR examinations. LA structural and functional assessment including LA volume, LA sphericity index, and LA strain parameters were compared between both subtypes. In addition, 15 age-matched controls were compared to all groups. Patients with ATTR-CA were older (73\u2009\u00b1\u20099 vs. 62\u2009\u00b1\u200910\u00a0years, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and more likely to be male (83.3% vs. 56.7%, p\u2009=\u20090.036) when compared to AL-CA. No significant difference existed in LA maximum volume and LA sphericity index between ATTR-CA and AL-CA. LA minimum volumes were larger in ATTR-CA when compared with AL-CA. There was a significant difference in LA function with worse strain values in ATTR vs AL: left atrial reservoir [7.4 (6.3\u201312.8) in ATTR vs. 13.8 (6.90\u201324.8) in AL, p\u2009=\u20090.017] and booster strains [3.6 (2.6\u20135.5) in ATTR vs. 5.2 (3.6\u201312.1) in AL, p\u2009=\u20090.039]. After adjusting for age, LA reservoir remained significantly lower in ATTR-CA compared to AL-CA (p\u2009=\u20090.03), but not LA booster (p\u2009=\u20090.16). We demonstrate novel differences in LA function between ATTR-CA and AL-CA despite similar LA geometry. Our findings of more impaired LA function in ATTR may offer insight into higher AF burden in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03359-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T11:03:34Z","timestamp":1641553414000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Atrial function and geometry differences in transthyretin versus immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: a cardiac magnetic resonance study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Cassady","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vien T.","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy A.","family":"Slivnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wolking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paige","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karolina M.","family":"Zareba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3359_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2017.04.003","volume":"43","author":"S Bhogal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhogal, S. et al. Cardiac amyloidosis: An updated review with emphasis on diagnosis and future directions. Curr. Probl. Cardiol. 43(1), 10\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2017.04.003 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"3359_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-009-8163-9","volume":"38","author":"A Bhat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bhat, A. et al. Currents concepts on the immunopathology of amyloidosis. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 38(2\u20133), 97\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-009-8163-9 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"3359_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3233\/jnd-180371","volume":"6","author":"M Kapoor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kapoor, M. et al. Clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of TTR amyloidosis. J. Neuromuscul. Dis. 6(2), 189\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jnd-180371 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Neuromuscul. Dis."},{"key":"3359_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20140155","author":"P Manral","year":"2015","unstructured":"Manral, P. & Reixach, N. Amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic transthyretin variants interact differently with human cardiomyocytes: Insights into early events of non-fibrillar tissue damage. Biosci. Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bsr20140155 (2015)."},{"issue":"9","key":"3359_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4188","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912263107","volume":"107","author":"J Shi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shi, J. et al. Amyloidogenic light chains induce cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction and apoptosis via a non-canonical p38alpha MAPK pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107(9), 4188\u20134193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0912263107 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"14","key":"3359_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.104.14.1594","volume":"104","author":"R Liao","year":"2001","unstructured":"Liao, R. et al. Infusion of light chains from patients with cardiac amyloidosis causes diastolic dysfunction in isolated mouse hearts. Circulation 104(14), 1594\u20131597 (2001).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"3359_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-6-199609150-00009","volume":"125","author":"S Dubrey","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dubrey, S. et al. Resolution of heart failure in patients with AL amyloidosis. Ann. Intern. Med. 125(6), 481\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-125-6-199609150-00009 (1996).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"3359_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000152819.97857.9d","volume":"111","author":"AM Maceira","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maceira, A. M. et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation 111(2), 186\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.0000152819.97857.9d (2005).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"3359_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.116.307974","volume":"119","author":"VO Puntmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Puntmann, V. O. et al. T1 mapping in characterizing myocardial disease: A comprehensive review. Circ. Res. 119(2), 277\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.116.307974 (2016).","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"3359_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jez157","volume":"21","author":"VT Truong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Truong, V. T. et al. Normal left atrial strain and strain rate using cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking in healthy volunteers. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging 21(4), 446\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jez157 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"3359_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2017.06.08","volume":"8","author":"GCH Gan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gan, G. C. H. et al. Left atrial function: Evaluation by strain analysis. Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther. 8(1), 29\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/cdt.2017.06.08 (2018).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"3359_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.117.007512","volume":"11","author":"JA Chirinos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chirinos, J. A. et al. Left atrial phasic function by cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking is a strong predictor of incident cardiovascular events. Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging 11(12), e007512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circimaging.117.007512 (2018).","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"3359_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2015.1028616","volume":"22","author":"S Longhi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Longhi, S. et al. Atrial fibrillation in amyloidotic cardiomyopathy: Prevalence, incidence, risk factors and prognostic role. Amyloid 22(3), 147\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/13506129.2015.1028616 (2015).","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"issue":"15","key":"3359_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.059","volume":"73","author":"L Thomas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thomas, L. et al. Left atrial structure and function, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: JACC state-of-the-art review. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 73(15), 1961\u20131977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.059 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"3359_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jex097","volume":"18","author":"K Nochioka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nochioka, K. et al. Left atrial structure and function in cardiac amyloidosis. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging 18(10), 1128\u20131137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jex097 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"3359_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.06.022","author":"F Bandera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bandera, F. et al. Clinical importance of left atrial infiltration in cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.06.022 (2021).","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"3359_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12116","volume":"24","author":"F Bisbal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bisbal, F. et al. Left atrial sphericity: A new method to assess atrial remodeling: Impact on the outcome of atrial fibrillation ablation. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 24(7), 752\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.12116 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"3359_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.01.042","volume":"304","author":"MJ Mulder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mulder, M. J. et al. Left atrial sphericity as a marker of atrial remodeling: Comparison of atrial fibrillation patients and controls. Int. J. Cardiol. 304, 69\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.01.042 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"3359_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jez240","volume":"21","author":"H Kawakami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kawakami, H. et al. Use of echocardiography to stratify the risk of atrial fibrillation: Comparison of left atrial and ventricular strain. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging 21(4), 399\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jez240 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"3359_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2015.04.010","volume":"67","author":"MC Todaro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Todaro, M. C. et al. Usefulness of atrial function for risk stratification in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis. J. Cardiol. 67(1), 71\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjcc.2015.04.010 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"3359_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-018-1485-z","volume":"35","author":"A Sonaglioni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sonaglioni, A. et al. Prognostic value of global left atrial peak strain in patients with acute ischemic stroke and no evidence of atrial fibrillation. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging 35(4), 603\u2013613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10554-018-1485-z (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"3359_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.001844","volume":"4","author":"YY Inoue","year":"2015","unstructured":"Inoue, Y. Y. et al. Quantitative tissue\u2010tracking cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) of left atrial deformation and the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 4(4), e001844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.115.001844 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"5","key":"3359_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12308","volume":"5","author":"YY Mints","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mints, Y. Y. et al. Features of atrial fibrillation in wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: A systematic review and clinical experience. ESC Heart Fail. 5(5), 772\u2013779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ehf2.12308 (2018).","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"issue":"1","key":"3359_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2018.1430027","volume":"25","author":"MY Henein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Henein, M. Y. et al. Reduced left atrial myocardial deformation irrespective of cavity size: A potential cause for atrial arrhythmia in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Amyloid 25(1), 46\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13506129.2018.1430027 (2018).","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"issue":"9","key":"3359_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2020.04.019","volume":"6","author":"E Donnellan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donnellan, E. et al. Atrial fibrillation in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: Predictors, prevalence, and efficacy of rhythm control strategies. JACC Clin. Electrophysiol. 6(9), 1118\u20131127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2020.04.019 (2020).","journal-title":"JACC Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"3359_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2019.1620724","volume":"26","author":"K Sanchis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sanchis, K. et al. Atrial fibrillation and subtype of atrial fibrillation in cardiac amyloidosis: Clinical and echocardiographic features, impact on mortality. Amyloid 26(3), 128\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13506129.2019.1620724 (2019).","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"issue":"5","key":"3359_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.01.016","volume":"24","author":"JY Shih","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shih, J. Y. et al. Association of decreased left atrial strain and strain rate with stroke in chronic atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 24(5), 513\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2011.01.016 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"issue":"4","key":"3359_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2019.12.002","volume":"113","author":"A Py","year":"2020","unstructured":"Py, A. et al. Atrial premature activity detected after an ischaemic stroke unveils atrial myopathy. Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis. 113(4), 227\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acvd.2019.12.002 (2020).","journal-title":"Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"3359_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.112.000132","volume":"6","author":"S Bokhari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bokhari, S. et al. (99m)Tc-pyrophosphate scintigraphy for differentiating light-chain cardiac amyloidosis from the transthyretin-related familial and senile cardiac amyloidoses. Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging 6(2), 195\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circimaging.112.000132 (2013).","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"3359_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-019-01761-5","volume":"27","author":"S Dorbala","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dorbala, S. et al. ASNC\/AHA\/ASE\/EANM\/HFSA\/ISA\/SCMR\/SNMMI expert consensus recommendations for multimodality imaging in cardiac amyloidosis: Part 2 of 2-Diagnostic criteria and appropriate utilization. J. Nucl. Cardiol. 27(2), 659\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12350-019-01761-5 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"3359_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2003.10.003","volume":"52","author":"G Reiter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reiter, G. et al. On the value of geometry-based models for left ventricular volumetry in magnetic resonance imaging and electron beam tomography: A Bland-Altman analysis. Eur. J. Radiol. 52(2), 110\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2003.10.003 (2004).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"issue":"19","key":"3359_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.009793","volume":"7","author":"S Nakamori","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakamori, S. et al. Incremental value of left atrial geometric remodeling in predicting late atrial fibrillation recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation: A cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J Am. Heart Assoc. 7(19), e009793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.118.009793 (2018).","journal-title":"J Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"3359_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10051","volume":"47","author":"P Kellman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kellman, P. et al. Phase-sensitive inversion recovery for detecting myocardial infarction using gadolinium-delayed hyperenhancement. Magn. Reson. Med. 47(2), 372\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.10051 (2002).","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"3359_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429x-15-92","volume":"15","author":"JC Moon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moon, J. C. et al. Myocardial T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification: A Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and CMR Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology consensus statement. J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson. 15(1), 92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1532-429x-15-92 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"issue":"4","key":"3359_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21119","volume":"26","author":"DR Messroghli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Messroghli, D. R. et al. Optimization and validation of a fully-integrated pulse sequence for modified look-locker inversion-recovery (MOLLI) T1 mapping of the heart. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 26(4), 1081\u20131086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.21119 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-03359-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-03359-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-03359-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T19:53:49Z","timestamp":1669319629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-03359-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-03359-9","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"uri","id":"","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-2322"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"140"}}