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This study aims to analyze the prevalence of acute inflammatory lesions of the placenta, the association with a positive result of the microbiological examination, and the fetal-maternal outcomes. This retrospective study considered all single, consecutive pregnancies and their placental pathological examination during 2014\u20132017. The evidence of funisitis, chorionic vasculitis, and chorioamnionitis was assessed by a pathologist, including stage and grade. Moreover, maternal fever, placental microbiological examination, and neonatal outcomes were also recorded. Among the 5910 pregnancies in the considered period, 1770 had a placental pathological examination, and 358 (6.06%) had acute placental inflammation. Microbiological examination was performed in 125 cases, revealing 64 cases with a positive microbiological outcome. In the presence of acute placental inflammation, there was a higher rate of neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, and postnatal death of the newborn. Multivariate analysis inferred that acute inflammation of membranes was a risk factor for neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR 2.12; CI.95 1.36\u20133.31; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), acute funisitis was a risk factor for admission to intensive neonatal care unit (OR 3.2; CI.95 1.67\u20136.12; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and chorionic vasculitis was a risk factor for postnatal death of the newborn (OR 5.38; CI.95 1.37\u201321.06; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The prevalence of chorioamnionitis was 6.06%, and about half of the cases were sterile inflammation. Chorioamnionitis was associated with higher rates of adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes; in particular, chorionic vasculitis was a risk factor for postnatal death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03655-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T11:14:56Z","timestamp":1639739696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Placental acute inflammation infiltrates and pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Orsaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Liviero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Rossetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Pittini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenza","family":"Driul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambrogio P.","family":"Londero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Mariuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3655_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001246","volume":"127","author":"RD Higgins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Higgins, R. 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