{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T06:31:30Z","timestamp":1793514690132,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18K07615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K07615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a key enzyme responsible for the degradation of neurotransmitters and trace amines. MAO has two subtypes (MAO-A and MAO-B) that are encoded by different genes. In the brain, MAO-B is highly expressed in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT); however, its substrate in PVT remains unclear. To identify the MAO-B substrate in PVT, we generated\n                    <jats:italic>Maob<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout (KO) mice and measured five candidate substrates (i.e., noradrenaline, dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, serotonin, and phenethylamine [PEA]) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We showed that only PEA levels were markedly elevated in the PVT of\n                    <jats:italic>Maob<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO mice. To exclude the influence of peripheral MAO-B deficiency, we developed brain-specific\n                    <jats:italic>Maob<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO mice, finding that PEA in the PVT was increased in brain-specific\n                    <jats:italic>Maob<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO mice, whereas the extent of PEA increase was less than that in global\n                    <jats:italic>Maob<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO mice. Given that plasma PEA levels were elevated in global KO mice, but not in brain\u2013specific KO mice, and that PEA passes across the blood\u2013brain barrier, the substantial accumulation of PEA in the PVT of\n                    <jats:italic>Maob<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO mice was likely due to the increase in plasma PEA. These data suggest that PEA is a substrate of MAO-B in the PVT as well as other tissues.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03885-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T06:03:34Z","timestamp":1641535414000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Phenethylamine is a substrate of monoamine oxidase B in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Youhei","family":"Obata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mie","family":"Kubota-Sakashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaoki","family":"Kasahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Nemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadafumi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"3885_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386467-3.00002-9","volume":"100","author":"M Bortolato","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bortolato, M. & Shih, J. C. Behavioral outcomes of monoamine oxidase deficiency: Preclinical and clinical evidence. Inte. Rev. Neurobiol. 100, 13\u201342 (2011).","journal-title":"Inte. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"3885_CR2","first-page":"365","volume":"187","author":"HY Yang","year":"1973","unstructured":"Yang, H. Y. & Neff, N. H. Beta-phenylethylamine: A specific substrate for type B monoamine oxidase of brain. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 187, 365\u2013371 (1973).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"3885_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1984.tb03004.x","volume":"36","author":"CJ Fowler","year":"1984","unstructured":"Fowler, C. J. & Tipton, K. F. On the substrate specificities of the two forms of monoamine oxidase. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 36, 111\u2013115 (1984).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"3885_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-05-01977.1992","volume":"12","author":"J Saura","year":"1992","unstructured":"Saura, J., Kettler, R., Prada, M. D., Richards, J. G. & Ltd, F.H.-L.R. Quantitative enzyme radioautography with 3H-Ro 41\u20131049 and 3H-Ro 19\u20136327 in vitro: Localization and abundance of MAO-A and MAO-B in rat CNS, peripheral organs, and human brain. J. Neurosci. 12, 1977\u20131999 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"3885_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903630410","volume":"363","author":"JM Luque","year":"1995","unstructured":"Luque, J. M., Kwan, S.-W., Abell, C. W., Prada, M. D. & Richards, J. G. Cellular expression of mRNAs encoding monoamine oxidases A and B in the rat central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 363, 665\u2013680 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"3885_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199701)25:1<30::AID-SYN4>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"25","author":"JW Jahng","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jahng, J. W. et al. Localization of monoamine oxidase A and B mRNA in the rat brain by in situ hybridization. Synapse 25, 30\u201336 (1997).","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"3885_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6385","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.20.6385","volume":"79","author":"P Levitt","year":"1982","unstructured":"Levitt, P., Pintar, J. E. & Breakefield, X. O. Immunocytochemical demonstration of monoamine oxidase B in brain astrocytes and serotonergic neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 79, 6385\u20136389 (1982).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"3885_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4951","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.278754","volume":"592","author":"B Yoon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yoon, B. et al. Glial GABA, synthesized by monoamine oxidase B, mediates tonic inhibition. J. Physiol. 592, 4951\u20134968 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"3885_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0226-y","volume":"25","author":"F Petrelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Petrelli, F. et al. Dysfunction of homeostatic control of dopamine by astrocytes in the developing prefrontal cortex leads to cognitive impairments. Mol. Psychiatry 25, 732\u2013749 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"3885_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00646-3","volume":"53","author":"H-U Cho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cho, H.-U. et al. Redefining differential roles of MAO-A in dopamine degradation and MAO-B in tonic GABA synthesis. Exp. Mol. Med. 53, 1148\u20131158 (2021).","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"3885_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ENEURO.0227-17.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0227-17.2017","volume":"4","author":"AM Clark","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clark, A. M. et al. Dopamine D2 receptors in the paraventricular thalamus attenuate cocaine locomotor sensitization. eneuro 4, ENEURO.0227-17.2017 (2017).","journal-title":"eneuro"},{"key":"3885_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21934","volume":"512","author":"DT Hsu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hsu, D. T. & Price, J. L. Paraventricular thalamic nucleus: Subcortical connections and innervation by serotonin, orexin, and corticotropin-releasing hormone in macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 512, 825\u2013848 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"3885_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.08.005","volume":"56","author":"GJ Kirouac","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kirouac, G. J. Placing the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus within the brain circuits that control behavior. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 56, 315\u2013329 (2015).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"3885_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)00355-9","volume":"64","author":"WE Cullinan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cullinan, W. E., Herman, J. P., Battaglia, D. F., Akil, H. & Watson, S. J. Pattern and time course of immediate early gene expression in rat brain following acute stress. Neuroscience 64, 477\u2013505 (1995).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"3885_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(02)00042-1","volume":"43","author":"K Otake","year":"2002","unstructured":"Otake, K., Kin, K. & Nakamura, Y. Fos expression in afferents to the rat midline thalamus following immobilization stress. Neurosci. Res. 43, 269\u2013282 (2002).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"3885_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.10.054","volume":"997","author":"SJ Spencer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Spencer, S. J., Fox, J. C. & Day, T. A. Thalamic paraventricular nucleus lesions facilitate central amygdala neuronal responses to acute psychological stress. Brain Res. 997, 234\u2013237 (2004).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"3885_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0167-4","volume":"21","author":"BS Beas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beas, B. S. et al. The locus coeruleus drives disinhibition in the midline thalamus via a dopaminergic mechanism. Nat. Neurosci. 21, 963\u2013973 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"3885_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.49041","volume":"8","author":"P Campus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Campus, P. et al. The paraventricular thalamus is a critical mediator of top-down control of cue-motivated behavior in rats. Elife 8, e49041 (2019).","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"3885_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13978","volume":"519","author":"MA Penzo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Penzo, M. A. et al. The paraventricular thalamus controls a central amygdala fear circuit. Nature 519, 455\u2013459 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3885_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.156","volume":"21","author":"T Kasahara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kasahara, T. et al. Depression-like episodes in mice harboring mtDNA deletions in paraventricular thalamus. Mol. Psychiatry 21, 39\u201348 (2016).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"3885_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-03-01891.1995","volume":"15","author":"K Otake","year":"1995","unstructured":"Otake, K. & Ruggiero, D. Monoamines and nitric oxide are employed by afferents engaged in midline thalamic regulation. J. Neurosci. 15, 1891\u20131911 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"3885_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(00)00092-2","volume":"21","author":"JF Neumaier","year":"2001","unstructured":"Neumaier, J. F., Sexton, T. J., Yracheta, J., Diaz, A. M. & Brownfield, M. Localization of 5-HT7 receptors in rat brain by immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, and agonist stimulated cFos expression. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 21, 63\u201373 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"3885_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-004-6921-z","volume":"24","author":"U Heilbronner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heilbronner, U., van Kampen, M. & Fl\u00fcgge, G. The alpha-2B adrenoceptor in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus is persistently upregulated by chronic psychosocial stress. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 24, 815\u2013831 (2004).","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"3885_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.09.036","volume":"20","author":"E Sugiyama","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sugiyama, E. et al. Detection of a high-turnover serotonin circuit in the mouse brain using mass spectrometry imaging. iScience 20, 359\u2013372 (2019).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"3885_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2014.00136","volume":"8","author":"S Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li, S., Shi, Y. & Kirouac, G. J. The hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray are the sources of dopamine fibers in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus in the rat. Front. Neuroanat. 8, 136 (2014).","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"3885_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2004.07.001","volume":"333","author":"W Lang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lang, W. et al. Liquid chromatographic and tandem mass spectrometric assay for evaluation of in vivo inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidases (MAO) A and B following a single dose of MAO inhibitors: Application of biomarkers in drug discovery. Anal. Biochem. 333, 79\u201387 (2004).","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"3885_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1097-206","volume":"17","author":"J Grimsby","year":"1997","unstructured":"Grimsby, J. et al. Increased stress response and \u03b2-phenylethylamine in MAOB-deficient mice. Nat. Genet. 17, 206\u2013210 (1997).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"3885_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.118","volume":"34","author":"M Bortolato","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bortolato, M., Godar, S. C., Davarian, S., Chen, K. & Shih, J. C. Behavioral disinhibition and reduced anxiety-like behaviors in monoamine oxidase B-deficient mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 34, 2746\u20132757 (2009).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3885_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb05764.x","volume":"55","author":"IA Paterson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Paterson, I. A., Juorio, A. V. & Boulton, A. A. 2-Phenylethylamine: A modulator of catecholamine transmission in the mammalian central nervous system?. J. Neurochem. 55, 1827\u20131837 (1990).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"3885_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(84)90053-8","volume":"11","author":"CB Jaeger","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jaeger, C. B. et al. Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase in the rat brain: Immunocytochemical localization in neurons of the brain stem. Neuroscience 11, 691\u2013713 (1984).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"3885_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(98)00060-X","volume":"16","author":"K Kitahama","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kitahama, K. et al. Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase- and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunohistochemistry in the adult human hypothalamus. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 16, 43\u201355 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"3885_CR32","first-page":"51","volume":"13","author":"SR Philips","year":"1978","unstructured":"Philips, S. R., Rozdilsky, B. & Boulton, A. A. Evidence for the presence of m-tyramine, p-tyramine, tryptamine, and phenylethylamine in the rat brain and several areas of the human brain. Biol. Psychiatry 13, 51\u201357 (1978).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"3885_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1139\/o73-129","volume":"51","author":"DA Durden","year":"1973","unstructured":"Durden, D. A., Philips, S. R. & Boulton, A. A. Identification and distribution of \u03b2-phenylethylamine in the rat. Can. J. Biochem. 51, 995\u20131002 (1973).","journal-title":"Can. J. Biochem."},{"key":"3885_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02501.x","volume":"90","author":"MD Berry","year":"2004","unstructured":"Berry, M. D. Mammalian central nervous system trace amines. Pharmacologic amphetamines, physiologic neuromodulators. J. Neurochem. 90, 257\u2013271 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"3885_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00206.x","volume":"258","author":"A Marcobal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marcobal, A., De Las Rivas, B. & Mu\u00f1oz, R. First genetic characterization of a bacterial beta-phenylethylamine biosynthetic enzyme in Enterococcus faecium RM58. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 258, 144\u2013149 (2006).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"issue":"9","key":"3885_CR36","first-page":"4409","volume":"4","author":"M Irsfeld","year":"2014","unstructured":"Irsfeld, M., Spadafore, M. & Pr\u00fc\u00df, D. B. M. \u03b2-phenylethylamine, a small molecule with a large impact. Webmedcentral. 4(9), 4409 (2014).","journal-title":"Webmedcentral."},{"key":"3885_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.117.015305","volume":"70","author":"RR Gainetdinov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gainetdinov, R. R., Hoener, M. C. & Berry, M. D. Trace amines and their receptors. Pharmacol. Rev. 70, 549\u2013620 (2018).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"3885_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.03.036","volume":"177","author":"H Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, H. et al. A forward chemical genetic screen reveals gut microbiota metabolites that modulate host physiology. Cell 177, 1217\u20131231 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3885_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1971.221.6.1629","volume":"221","author":"W Oldendorf","year":"1971","unstructured":"Oldendorf, W. Brain uptake of radiolabeled amino acids, amines, and hexoses after arterial injection. Am. J. Physiol.-Leg Content 221, 1629\u20131639 (1971).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Leg Content"},{"key":"3885_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(85)90134-0","volume":"15","author":"AJ Greenshaw","year":"1985","unstructured":"Greenshaw, A. J., Juorio, A. V. & Boulton, A. A. Behavioral and neurochemical effects of deprenyl and \u03b2-phenylethylamine in wistar rats. Brain Res. Bull. 15, 183\u2013189 (1985).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"3885_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21670","volume":"67","author":"MD Berry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berry, M. D., Shitut, M. R., Almousa, A., Alcorn, J. & Tomberli, B. Membrane permeability of trace amines: Evidence for a regulated, activity-dependent, nonexocytotic, synaptic release: Trace Amine Membrane Permeability. Synapse 67, 656\u2013667 (2013).","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"3885_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-013-0988-1","volume":"38","author":"AD Mosnaim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mosnaim, A. D., Callaghan, O. H., Hudzik, T. & Wolf, M. E. Rat brain-uptake index for phenylethylamine and various monomethylated derivatives. Neurochem. Res. 38, 842\u2013846 (2013).","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"3885_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2018.05.016","volume":"307","author":"B Wasek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wasek, B., Arning, E. & Bottiglieri, T. The use of microwave irradiation for quantitative analysis of neurotransmitters in the mouse brain. J. Neurosci. Methods 307, 188\u2013193 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"3885_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39645","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M405550200","volume":"279","author":"K Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen, K., Holschneider, D. P., Wu, W., Rebrin, I. & Shih, J. C. A spontaneous point mutation produces monoamine oxidase A\/B knock-out mice with greatly elevated monoamines and anxiety-like behavior. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 39645\u201339652 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"3885_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0730647.x","volume":"73","author":"L Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. Adaptive changes in postsynaptic dopamine receptors despite unaltered dopamine dynamics in mice lacking monoamine oxidase B. J. Neurochem. 73, 647\u2013655 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"3885_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0732434.x","volume":"73","author":"F Fornai","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fornai, F. et al. Striatal dopamine metabolism in monoamine oxidase B-deficient mice: A brain dialysis study. J. Neurochem. 73, 2434\u20132440 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"3885_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67041532.x","volume":"67","author":"I Lamensdorf","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lamensdorf, I., Youdim, M. B. H. & Finberg, J. P. M. Effect of long-term treatment with selective monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors on dopamine release from rat striatum in vivo. J. Neurochem. 67, 1532\u20131539 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"3885_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)01089-0","volume":"815","author":"S Kaseda","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kaseda, S., Nomoto, M. & Iwata, S. Effect of selegiline on dopamine concentration in the striatum of a primate. Brain Res. 815, 44\u201350 (1999).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"3885_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.04.003","volume":"75","author":"D Sulzer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sulzer, D., Sonders, M. S., Poulsen, N. W. & Galli, A. Mechanisms of neurotransmitter release by amphetamines: A review. Prog. Neurobiol. 75, 406\u2013433 (2005).","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"3885_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02721.x","volume":"91","author":"TD Sotnikova","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sotnikova, T. D. et al. Dopamine transporter-dependent and -independent actions of trace amine \u03b2-phenylethylamine. J. Neurochem. 91, 362\u2013373 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"3885_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.08.037","volume":"837","author":"G Zsilla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zsilla, G., Hegyi, D. E., Baranyi, M. & Vizi, E. S. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, mephedrone, and \u03b2-phenylethylamine release dopamine from the cytoplasm by means of transporters and keep the concentration high and constant by blocking reuptake. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 837, 72\u201380 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"3885_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8966","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.151105198","volume":"98","author":"B Borowsky","year":"2001","unstructured":"Borowsky, B. et al. Trace amines: Identification of a family of mammalian G protein-coupled receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 98, 8966\u20138971 (2001).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"3885_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.60.6.1181","volume":"60","author":"JR Bunzow","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bunzow, J. R. et al. Amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, and metabolites of the catecholamine neurotransmitters are agonists of a rat trace amine receptor. Mol. Pharmacol. 60, 1181\u20131188 (2001).","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"3885_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2006.00292.x","volume":"6","author":"TD Wolinsky","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wolinsky, T. D. et al. The trace amine 1 receptor knockout mouse: An animal model with relevance to schizophrenia. Genes Brain Behav. 6, 628\u2013639 (2007).","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav."},{"key":"3885_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.132647","volume":"324","author":"L Lindemann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lindemann, L. et al. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 modulates dopaminergic activity. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 324, 948\u2013956 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"3885_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20081","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906522106","volume":"106","author":"A Bradaia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bradaia, A. et al. The selective antagonist EPPTB reveals TAAR1-mediated regulatory mechanisms in dopaminergic neurons of the mesolimbic system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106, 20081\u201320086 (2009).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"3885_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8485","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103029108","volume":"108","author":"FG Revel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Revel, F. G. et al. TAAR1 activation modulates monoaminergic neurotransmission, preventing hyperdopaminergic and hypoglutamatergic activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108, 8485\u20138490 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"3885_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911772","volume":"382","author":"KS Koblan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koblan, K. S. et al. A Non-D2-receptor-binding drug for the treatment of schizophrenia. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, 1497\u20131506 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"3885_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2016.03.025","volume":"7","author":"A Wojnicz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wojnicz, A. et al. Data supporting the rat brain sample preparation and validation assays for simultaneous determination of 8 neurotransmitters and their metabolites using liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. Data Brief 7, 714\u2013720 (2016).","journal-title":"Data Brief"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-03885-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-03885-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-03885-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T15:18:55Z","timestamp":1669303135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-03885-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-03885-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"17"}}