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Anal specimens were genotyped by the Linear Array. Incidence and clearance of anal infection by hrHPVs, hrHPVs other than HPV16, low-risk HPVs, and four individual types (6,11,16,18) were estimated using a two-state Markov model. Determinants for incidence and clearance were assessed by logistic regression. Overall, 204 individuals were included (median age 42\u00a0years, IQR\u2009=\u200934\u201349). For hrHPVs, incidence and clearance rates were 36.1\u2009\u00d7\u20091000 person-months (p-m) (95% CI 23.3\u201356.5) and 15.6\u2009\u00d7\u20091000 p-m (95% CI 10.7\u201323.3), respectively. HPV16 showed a higher incidence than HPV18 (10.2 <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 7.2\u2009\u00d7\u20091000 p-m). Its clearance was more than twofold lower than that of HPV18 (30.1 <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 78.2\u2009\u00d7\u20091000 p-m). MSM receiving cART displayed a 68% to 88% decrease in risk of acquiring hrHPVs, hrHPVs other than HPV16, HPV16, and HPV18 (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] 0.13, 95% CI 0.02\u20130.67; aHR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06\u20130.78; aHR 0.32, 95% CI 0.12\u20130.90; aHR 0.12, 95% CI 0.04\u20130.31, respectively) than patients not treated. A nadir CD4\u2009+\u2009count\u2009&lt;\u2009200 cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> significantly reduced the clearance of hrHPVs other than HPV16 (aHR 0.39, 95% CI 0.17\u20130.90). cART use reduces the risk of acquiring anal infection by hrHPVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03913-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T11:03:21Z","timestamp":1641553401000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Incidence and clearance of anal high-risk Human Papillomavirus infection and their risk factors in men who have sex with men living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maria Gabriella","family":"Don\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Fenicia","family":"Vescio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Benevolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Giglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Morrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Latini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3913_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e180","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30488-7","volume":"8","author":"C de Martel","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Martel, C., Georges, D., Bray, F., Ferlay, J. & Clifford, G. 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The other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"184"}}