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This is particularly relevant in the study of osteosarcoma (OS), a highly malignant bone tumor diagnosed in approximately 1000 pediatric\/adolescent patients each year. Metastasis is the leading cause of patient death underscoring the need for relevant animal models of metastatic OS. In this study, we describe how existing OS mouse models can be interrogated in a time-course context to determine the kinetics of spontaneous metastasis from an orthotopically implanted primary tumor. We evaluated four highly metastatic OS cell lines (3 human, 1 mouse) to establish a timeline for metastatic progression in immune deficient NSG mice. To discern the effects of therapy on tumor development and metastasis in these models, we investigated cisplatin therapy and surgical limb amputation at early and late timepoints. These data help define the appropriate observational periods for studies of metastatic progression in OS and further our understanding of existing mouse models. Efforts to advance the study of metastatic OS are critical for facilitating the identification of novel therapeutics and for improving patient survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04018-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T11:02:55Z","timestamp":1640343775000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of limb amputation and cisplatin chemotherapy on metastatic progression in mouse models of osteosarcoma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy K.","family":"LeBlanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"4018_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mph.0000169251.57611.8e","volume":"27","author":"A Longhi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Longhi, A. et al. Height as a risk factor for osteosarcoma. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 27, 314\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mph.0000169251.57611.8e (2005).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"4018_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1002\/(Sici)1097-0142(19991015)86:8<1602::Aid-Cncr31>3.0.Co;2-R","volume":"86","author":"SC Kaste","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kaste, S. C., Pratt, C. B., Cain, A. M., Jones-Wallace, D. J. & Rao, B. N. Metastases detected at the time of diagnosis of primary pediatric extremity osteosarcoma at diagnosis\u2014Imaging features. Cancer 86, 1602\u20131608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(Sici)1097-0142(19991015)86:8%3c1602::Aid-Cncr31%3e3.0.Co;2-R (1999).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"4018_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3514","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32351","volume":"125","author":"RD Roberts","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roberts, R. D. et al. 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