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Skin color is a key economic trait for YR, but little is known about the molecular mechanism of skin color development. In this study, YR skin transcriptomes were analyzed to explore temporal expression patterns of pigmentation-related genes in three different stages of skin color development. In total, 16,590, 16,682, and 5619 genes were differentially expressed between fish at 1\u00a0day post-hatching (YR1d) and YR45d, YR1d and YR90d, and YR45d and YR90d. Numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with pigmentation were identified, and almost all of them involved in pteridine and carotenoid synthesis were significantly upregulated in YR45d and YR90d compared to YR1d, including <jats:italic>GCH1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PTS<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>QDPR<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CSFIR1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SLC2A11<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SCARB1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>DGAT2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PNPLA2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>APOD<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>BCO2<\/jats:italic>. Interestingly, many DEGs enriched in melanin synthesis pathways were also significantly upregulated, including melanogenesis (<jats:italic>MITF<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MC1R<\/jats:italic>,\u00a0<jats:italic>SLC45A2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>OCA2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>GPR143<\/jats:italic>), tyrosine metabolism (<jats:italic>TYR<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TYRP1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>DCT<\/jats:italic>), and MAPK signaling (<jats:italic>KITA<\/jats:italic>) pathways. Using short time-series expression miner, we identified eight differential gene expression pattern profiles, and DEGs in profile 7 were associated with skin pigmentation. Protein\u2013protein interaction network analysis showed that two modules were related to xanthophores and melanophores. In addition, 1,812,329 simple sequence repeats and 2,011,334 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were discovered. The results enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying skin pigmentation in YR, and could accelerate the molecular breeding of fish species with valuable skin color traits and will likely be highly informative for developing new therapeutic approaches to treat pigmentation disorders and melanoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04255-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T11:03:21Z","timestamp":1641553401000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Analysis of yellow mutant rainbow trout transcriptomes at different developmental stages reveals dynamic regulation of skin pigmentation genes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shenji","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinqiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"4255_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21310","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160921310","volume":"16","author":"XM Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, X. 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