{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T14:57:37Z","timestamp":1782572257431,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Bonn"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the spectrum of different etiologies, the intrauterine course, outcome and possible prognostic markers in prenatally detected fetal growth restriction (FGR) combined with polyhydramnios. Retrospective study of 153 cases with FGR combined with Polyhydramnios diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound over a period of 17\u00a0years. Charts were reviewed for ultrasound findings, prenatal and postnatal outcome. All cases were categorized into etiological groups and examined for differences. Five etiological groups were identified: chromosomal anomalies (n\u2009=\u200964, 41.8%), complex malformation syndromes (n\u2009=\u200937, 24.1%), isolated malformations (n\u2009=\u200924, 15.7%), musculoskeletal disorders (n\u2009=\u200914, 9.2%) and prenatal non-anomalous fetuses (n\u2009=\u200914, 9.2%). Subgroups showed significant disparities in initial diagnosis of combination of both pathologies, Ratio AFI\/ gestational weeks and Doppler ultrasound examinations. Overall mortality rate was 64.7%. Fetuses prenatally assigned to be non-anomalous, showed further complications in 42.9% (n\u2009=\u20096). Fetuses prenatally diagnosed with FGR combined with polyhydramnios are affected by a high morbidity and mortality. Five etiologic groups can be differentiated, showing significant disparities in prenatal and postnatal outcome. Even without recognizable patterns prenatally, long-term-follow up is necessary, as neurodevelopmental or growth delay may occur.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04371-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T06:04:32Z","timestamp":1641794672000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prenatal diagnosis of fetal growth restriction with polyhydramnios, etiology and impact on postnatal outcome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Adeline","family":"Walter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Calite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Gembruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annegret","family":"Geipel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"4371_CR1","first-page":"165","volume":"7","author":"AR Albu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Albu, A. R., Anca, A. F., Horhoianu, V. V. & Horhoianu, I. A. Predictive factors for intrauterine growth restriction. J. Med. Life 7, 165\u2013171 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"key":"4371_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003070","volume":"133","author":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 204","year":"2019","unstructured":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 204. Fetal growth restriction. Obstet. Gynecol. 133, e97\u2013e109 (2019).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"4371_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.012","volume":"218","author":"F Crispi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crispi, F., Miranda, J. & Gratac\u00f3s, E. Long-term cardiovascular consequences of fetal growth restriction: Biology, clinical implications, and opportunities for prevention of adult disease. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 218, S869\u2013S879 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"4371_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-017-4341-9","volume":"295","author":"LMM Nardozza","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nardozza, L. M. M. et al. Fetal growth restriction: Current knowledge. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 295, 1061\u20131077 (2017).","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"4371_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2475","volume":"30","author":"Y Zhong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhong, Y., Tuuli, M. & Odibo, A. O. First-trimester assessment of placenta function and the prediction of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Prenat. Diagn. 30, 293\u2013308 (2010).","journal-title":"Prenat. Diagn."},{"key":"4371_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13626","volume":"44","author":"R Yamamoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yamamoto, R., Ishii, K., Nakajima, E., Sasahara, J. & Mitsuda, N. Ultrasonographic prediction of antepartum deterioration of growth-restricted fetuses after late preterm. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 44, 1057\u20131062 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"4371_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970090405","volume":"9","author":"P Eydoux","year":"1989","unstructured":"Eydoux, P. et al. Chromosomal prenatal diagnosis: Study of 936 cases of intrauterine abnormalities after ultrasound assessment. Prenat. Diagn. 9, 255\u2013269 (1989).","journal-title":"Prenat. Diagn."},{"key":"4371_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1997.16.9.609","volume":"16","author":"GK Sickler","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sickler, G. K., Nyberg, D. A., Sohaey, R. & Luthy, D. A. Polyhydramnios and fetal intrauterine growth restriction: Ominous combination. J. Ultrasound Med. 16, 609\u2013614 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"4371_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2000.079001031.x","volume":"79","author":"B Furman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Furman, B. et al. Hydramnios and small for gestational age: Prevalence and clinical significance. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 79, 31\u201336 (2000).","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"4371_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2016.1224835","volume":"30","author":"Q-Q Luo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luo, Q.-Q. et al. Idiopathic polyhydramnios at term and pregnancy outcomes: A multicenter observational study. J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. 30, 1755\u20131759 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med."},{"key":"4371_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2017.0081","volume":"88","author":"J Kornacki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kornacki, J., Adamczyk, M., Wirstlein, P., Osi\u0144ski, M. & Wender-O\u017cegowska, E. Polyhydramnios\u2014Frequency of congenital anomalies in relation to the value of the amniotic fluid index. Ginekol. Pol. 88, 442\u2013445 (2017).","journal-title":"Ginekol. Pol."},{"key":"4371_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1360163","volume":"73","author":"A Hamza","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hamza, A., Herr, D., Solomayer, E. F. & Meyberg-Solomayer, G. Polyhydramnios: Causes, diagnosis and therapy. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 73, 1241\u20131246 (2013).","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd"},{"key":"4371_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.2019.0016","volume":"90","author":"M Adamczyk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adamczyk, M., Kornacki, J., Wirstlein, P., Szczepanska, M. & Wender-Ozegowska, E. Follow-up of children with antenatally diagnosed idiopathic polyhydramnios. Ginekol. Pol. 90, 93\u201399 (2019).","journal-title":"Ginekol. Pol."},{"key":"4371_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1159\/000010129","volume":"48","author":"N Lazebnik","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lazebnik, N. & Many, A. The severity of polyhydramnios, estimated fetal weight and preterm delivery are independent risk factors for the presence of congenital malformations. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 48, 28\u201332 (1999).","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Invest."},{"key":"4371_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90491-Z","volume":"168","author":"RJ Snijders","year":"1993","unstructured":"Snijders, R. J., Sherrod, C., Gosden, C. M. & Nicolaides, K. H. Fetal growth retardation: Associated malformations and chromosomal abnormalities. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 168, 547\u2013555 (1993).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"4371_CR16","first-page":"540","volume":"32","author":"JP Phelan","year":"1987","unstructured":"Phelan, J. P., Smith, C. V., Broussard, P. & Small, M. Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quadrant technique at 36\u201342 weeks\u2019 gestation. J. Reprod. Med. 32, 540\u2013542 (1987).","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"4371_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(84)90360-0","volume":"150","author":"PF Chamberlain","year":"1984","unstructured":"Chamberlain, P. F., Manning, F. A., Morrison, I., Harman, C. R. & Lange, I. R. Ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid volume. II. The relationship of increased amniotic fluid volume to perinatal outcome. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 150, 250\u2013254 (1984).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"4371_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.181.1.1887021","volume":"181","author":"FP Hadlock","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hadlock, F. P., Harrist, R. B. & Martinez-Poyer, J. In utero analysis of fetal growth: A sonographic weight standard. Radiology 181, 129\u2013133 (1991).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"4371_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1990.18.3.165","volume":"18","author":"D Arduini","year":"1990","unstructured":"Arduini, D. & Rizzo, G. Normal values of pulsatility index from fetal vessels: A cross-sectional study on 1556 healthy fetuses. J. Perinat. Med. 18, 165\u2013172 (1990).","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"4371_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5160","volume":"37","author":"L Sagi-Dain","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sagi-Dain, L., Peleg, A. & Sagi, S. Risk for chromosomal aberrations in apparently isolated intrauterine growth restriction: A systematic review. Prenat. Diagn. 37, 1061\u20131066 (2017).","journal-title":"Prenat. Diagn."},{"key":"4371_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5212","volume":"38","author":"SB Hay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hay, S. B. et al. ACOG and SMFM guidelines for prenatal diagnosis: Is karyotyping really sufficient?. Prenat. Diagn. 38, 184\u2013189 (2018).","journal-title":"Prenat. Diagn."},{"key":"4371_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000479506","volume":"44","author":"A Borrell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borrell, A., Grande, M., Pauta, M., Rodriguez-Revenga, L. & Figueras, F. Chromosomal microarray analysis in fetuses with growth restriction and normal karyotype: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Fetal. Diagn. Ther. 44, 1\u20139 (2018).","journal-title":"Fetal. Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"4371_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2014.07.002","volume":"42","author":"S Vanlieferinghen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vanlieferinghen, S. et al. Second trimester growth restriction and underlying fetal anomalies. Gynecol. Obstet. Fertil. 42, 567\u2013571 (2014).","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Fertil."},{"key":"4371_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15116","volume":"39","author":"DS Hughes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hughes, D. S. et al. Accuracy of the ultrasound estimate of the amniotic fluid volume (amniotic fluid index and single deepest pocket) to identify actual low, normal, and high amniotic fluid volumes as determined by quantile regression. J. Ultrasound Med. 39, 373\u2013378 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"4371_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0659-2596","volume":"78","author":"UM Sch\u00e4fer-Graf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fer-Graf, U. M. et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)\u2014Diagnosis, treatment and follow-up guideline of the DDG and DGGG (S3 level, AWMF registry number 057\/008, February 2018). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 78, 1219\u20131231 (2018).","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-04371-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-04371-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-04371-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T11:11:42Z","timestamp":1700046702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-04371-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-04371-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-220610\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests<b>.<\/b>","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"415"}}