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Based on free-water corrected DTI measures obtained from normal-appearing periependymal voxels of (1) lateral ventricles and (2) the 3rd and 4th ventricles as dependent variables, MANCOVA was conducted to compare the two groups, using clinical variables as covariates. A significant difference was found between AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD and MS in the 3rd and 4th periependymal voxels (\u03bb\u2009=\u20090.462, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). Fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity was significantly decreased and radial diffusivity was increased in AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD in post-hoc analysis, compared with MS (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200927.616, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097.336, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011, and <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095.800, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022, respectively). Free-water corrected DTI measures differ in the periependymal area surrounding the diencephalon and brain stem\/cerebellum between MS and NMOSD, which may suggest occult white matter injury in areas with distribution of AQP-4 in NMOSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04490-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T11:03:04Z","timestamp":1641898984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Free-water diffusion tensor imaging detects occult periependymal abnormality in the AQP4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Minchul","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyu Sung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryoo Chang","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inpyeong","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae Jin","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4490_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.3.390","volume":"63","author":"SJ Pittock","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pittock, S. 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