{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:41:56Z","timestamp":1792096916720,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1I1A1A01059690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1I1A1A01059690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A2C1010229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C1010229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of ophthalmic complications of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after preterm birth using population-based database in South Korea. Using the National Health Insurance database, ophthalmic complications among premature infants born in 2007\u20132008 during their 10-year follow-up period were identified. Annual cumulative incidence rate and period prevalence of complications at each age were analyzed among those with ROP and those who underwent treatment for ROP (tROP). The hazard ratios (HRs) according to the presence of ROP and treatment for ROP were also analyzed. We identified 18,256 premature infants, 6995 of whom had ROP. The prevalence at 10th year for overall ophthalmic complications was 11.1% and 35.9% among ROP and tROP, respectively. Strabismus, amblyopia, and glaucoma were the three most common complications. The presence of ROP was associated with higher risk of complications (HR 1.53, 95%CI 1.44\u20131.61) among premature infants, and the presence of treatment for ROP was associated with higher risk of complications (HR 4.31, 95%CI 3.74\u20134.98) among ROP cases. This study reports the nationwide epidemiologic data on ophthalmic complications of ROP during the first decade of life, which will help advance our understandings and establish national strategies in managing ROP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04616-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T11:03:20Z","timestamp":1642503800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Ophthalmic complications in retinopathy of prematurity in the first decade of life in Korea using the national health insurance database"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Eun Hee","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Un","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gi Hwan","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Joon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heeyoon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"4616_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60178-6","volume":"382","author":"A Hellstr\u00f6m","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hellstr\u00f6m, A., Smith, L. E. & Dammann, O. Retinopathy of prematurity. Lancet 382, 1445\u20131457 (2013).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4616_CR2","first-page":"105","volume":"5","author":"V Dobson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dobson, V. & Quinn, G. Retinopathy of prematurity. Optom Clin. 5, 105\u2013124 (1996).","journal-title":"Optom Clin."},{"key":"4616_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10045","volume":"8","author":"MX Repka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Repka, M. X. Ophthalmological problems of the premature infant. Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 8, 249\u2013257 (2002).","journal-title":"Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev."},{"key":"4616_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e518","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1180","volume":"115","author":"C Gilbert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gilbert, C. et al. Characteristics of infants with severe retinopathy of prematurity in countries with low, moderate, and high levels of development: implications for screening programs. Pediatrics 115, e518\u2013e525 (2005).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4616_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F293","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.080192","volume":"91","author":"R Cooke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cooke, R. Preterm mortality and morbidity over 25 years. Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 91, F293\u2013F294 (2006).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"4616_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.3.311","volume":"123","author":"EA Palmer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Palmer, E. A. et al. 15-year outcomes following threshold retinopathy of prematurity: final results from the multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity. Arch. Ophthalmol. 123, 311\u2013318 (2005).","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4616_CR7","unstructured":"Good W. V., Early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity cooperative Group. Final results of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ETROP) randomized trial. Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc. 102, 233 (2004)"},{"key":"4616_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F179","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306207","volume":"100","author":"A Fielder","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fielder, A., Blencowe, H., O\u2019Connor, A. & Gilbert, C. Impact of retinopathy of prematurity on ocular structures and visual functions. Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 100, F179\u2013F184 (2015).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"4616_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2011.07.017","volume":"15","author":"DK VanderVeen","year":"2011","unstructured":"VanderVeen, D. K. et al. Prevalence and course of strabismus through age 6 years in participants of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity randomized trial. J. AAPOS. 15, 536\u2013540 (2011).","journal-title":"J. AAPOS."},{"key":"4616_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3109\/09273972.2016.1159232","volume":"24","author":"M Gunay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gunay, M. et al. Evaluation of refractive errors and ocular biometric outcomes after intravitreal bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity. Strabismus 24, 84\u201388 (2016).","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"4616_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.63","volume":"24","author":"C Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang, C. et al. Long-term visual outcomes of laser-treated threshold retinopathy of prematurity: a study of refractive status at 7 years. Eye 24, 14\u201320 (2010).","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"4616_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.77.2.91","volume":"77","author":"R Robinson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Robinson, R. & O\u2019Keefe, M. Follow-up study on premature infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 77, 91\u201394 (1993).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4616_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)97036-1","volume":"105","author":"G Quinn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Quinn, G. et al. Cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity cooperative group prevalence of myopia between 3 months and 5 1\/2 years in preterm infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology 105, 1292\u20131300 (1998).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4616_CR14","unstructured":"Kim, S. T. & Seong S. C. 2016 national health insurance statistical yearbook. 622 (Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, National Health Insurance service, 2017)."},{"key":"4616_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.12.004","volume":"62","author":"ME Hartnett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hartnett, M. E. Advances in understanding and management of retinopathy of prematurity. Surv. Ophthalmol. 62, 257\u2013276 (2017).","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4616_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-80989-z","volume":"11","author":"EH Hong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hong, E. H. et al. Nationwide incidence and treatment pattern of retinopathy of prematurity in South Korea using the 2007\u20132018 national health insurance claims data. Sci. Rep. 11, 1451 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"4616_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6140","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5234","volume":"51","author":"T-C Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen, T.-C. et al. Long-term evaluation of refractive status and optical components in eyes of children born prematurely. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51, 6140\u20136148 (2010).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"4616_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.229","volume":"129","author":"MX Repka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Repka, M. X., Tung, B., Good, W. V., Capone, A. & Shapiro, M. J. Outcome of eyes developing retinal detachment during the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity study. Arch. Ophthalmol. 129, 1175\u20131179 (2011).","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4616_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2012.06.011","volume":"16","author":"DL Bremer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bremer, D. L. et al. Glaucoma in the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ETROP) study. J. AAPOS. 16, 449\u2013452 (2012).","journal-title":"J. AAPOS."},{"key":"4616_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davitt B. V., Christiansen S. P., Hardy R. J., Tung B., Good W. V., Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Incidence of cataract development by 6 months\u2019 corrected age in the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity study. J. AAPOS. 17, 49\u201353 (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2012.10.011"},{"key":"4616_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.5124\/jkma.2013.56.6.504","volume":"56","author":"JH Chang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chang, J. H. Infant and toddler vision care: a supplement to the Manual of Infant Health Screening conducted by Korean National Health Insurance Corporation. J. Korean Med. Assoc. 56, 504\u2013510 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Assoc."},{"key":"4616_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.08.001","volume":"115","author":"Multi-ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study Group","year":"2008","unstructured":"Multi-ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study Group. Prevalence of Amblyopia and Strabismus in African American and Hispanic Children Ages 6 to 72 Months: The Multi-ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study. Ophthalmology 115, 1229-1236.e1 (2008).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4616_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.034","volume":"116","author":"DS Friedman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Friedman, D. S. et al. Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in white and African American children aged 6 through 71 months: the baltimore pediatric eye disease study. Ophthalmology 116, 2128-2134.e2 (2009).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4616_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.03.001","volume":"120","author":"R McKean-Cowdin","year":"2013","unstructured":"McKean-Cowdin, R. et al. Prevalence of amblyopia or strabismus in Asian and non-hispanic white preschool children: multi-ethnic pediatric eye disease study. Ophthalmology 120, 2117\u20132124 (2013).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4616_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.02.008","volume":"40","author":"G Holmstr\u00f6m","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holmstr\u00f6m, G. & Larsson, E. Outcome of retinopathy of prematurity. Clin. Perinatol. 40, 311\u2013321 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol."},{"key":"4616_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20061101-04","volume":"43","author":"G Holmstr\u00f6m","year":"2006","unstructured":"Holmstr\u00f6m, G., Rydberg, A. & Larsson, E. Prevalence and development of strabismus in 10-year-old premature children: a population-based study. J. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus. 43, 346\u2013352 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus."},{"key":"4616_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.6.767","volume":"120","author":"AR O'Connor","year":"2002","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor, A. R. et al. Strabismus in children of birth weight less than 1701 g. Arch. Ophthalmol. 120, 767\u2013773 (2002).","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4616_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.3341\/jkos.2010.51.10.1385","volume":"51","author":"JH Bae","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bae, J. H. & Choi, D. G. Refractive errors, amblyopia and strabismus in 3-year-old premature children. J. Korean Ophthalmol. Soc. 51, 1385\u20131391 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Korean Ophthalmol. Soc."},{"key":"4616_CR29","first-page":"1250","volume":"39","author":"KH Lim","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lim, K. H., Yu, Y. S. & Chang, B. L. Incidence and risk factors of strabismus in premature baby. J. Korean Ophthalmol. Soc. 39, 1250\u20131254 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Korean Ophthalmol. Soc."},{"key":"4616_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.11.1265","volume":"82","author":"G Holmstr\u00f6m","year":"1998","unstructured":"Holmstr\u00f6m, G., El Azazi, M. & Kugelberg, U. Ophthalmological long term follow up of preterm infants: a population based, prospective study of the refraction and its development. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 82, 1265\u20131271 (1998).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4616_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3411","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4461","volume":"51","author":"A Chia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chia, A. et al. Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in young Singaporean Chinese children. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51, 3411\u20133417 (2010).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"4616_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.6.871","volume":"124","author":"D Robaei","year":"2006","unstructured":"Robaei, D., Kifley, A., Gole, G. A. & Mitchell, P. The impact of modest prematurity on visual function at age 6 years: findings from a population-based study. Arch. Ophthalmol. 124, 871\u2013877 (2006).","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4616_CR33","unstructured":"Allingham R. R., Moroi S., Shields M. B., Damji K. Congenital glaucomas and developmental glaucomas with associated anomalies. Shields' textbook of glaucoma. (5th ed) 235\u2013271 (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004)"},{"key":"4616_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.41","volume":"128","author":"EP Aponte","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aponte, E. P., Diehl, N. & Mohney, B. G. Incidence and clinical characteristics of childhood glaucoma: a population-based study. Arch. Ophthalmol. 128, 478\u2013482 (2010).","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4616_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2019.00822","volume":"63","author":"JH Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee, J. H., Youn, Y. & Chang, Y. S. Short-term and long-term outcomes of very-low-birth-weight infants in Korea: Korean Neonatal Network update in 2019. Clin. Exp. Pediatr. 63, 284\u2013290 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pediatr."},{"key":"4616_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Senthil S., Balijepalli P., Mohamed A., et al. Management outcomes of secondary glaucoma due to retinopathy of prematurity: a 19-year prospective study at a tertiary eye care Institute. The Indian Twin cities ROP Screening (ITCROPS) database report number 8. PLoS ONE. 15, e0238633 (2020)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238633"},{"key":"4616_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.12.005","volume":"22","author":"D Morrison","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morrison, D. et al. Ocular complications following treatment in the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (G-ROP) Study. J. AAPOS. 22, 128\u2013133 (2018).","journal-title":"J. AAPOS."},{"key":"4616_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_33_18","volume":"67","author":"P Chandra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chandra, P. et al. Short-term incidence and management of glaucoma after successful surgery for stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity. Indian J. Ophthalmol. 67, 917\u2013921 (2019).","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4616_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00096.x","volume":"74","author":"HC Fledelius","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fledelius, H. C. Pre-term delivery and subsequent ocular development: A 7\u201310 year follow-up of children screened 1982\u201384 for ROP: 3) Refraction. Myopia of prematurity. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. 74, 297\u2013300 (1996).","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol. Scand."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-04616-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-04616-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-04616-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T22:30:09Z","timestamp":1669329009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-04616-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-04616-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"911"}}