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Yet survivors anticipate full cognitive recovery within several months of injury, if not sooner, dependent upon the specific outcome\/measure. Recovery is variable and deficits in executive function, e.g., working memory (WM) can persist years post-mTBI. We tested whether cognitive deficits persist in otherwise healthy undergraduates, as a conservative indicator for mTBI survivors at large. We collected WM performance (change detection, n-back tasks) using various stimuli (shapes, locations, letters; aurally presented numbers and letters), and wide-ranging cognitive assessments (e.g., RBANS). We replicated the observation of a general <jats:italic>visual<\/jats:italic> WM deficit, with preserved <jats:italic>auditory<\/jats:italic> WM. Surprisingly, visual WM deficits were equivalent in participants with a history of mTBI (mean 4.3\u00a0years post-injury) and in undergraduates with recent sports-related mTBI (mean 17\u00a0days post-injury). In seeking the underlying mechanism of these behavioral deficits, we collected resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) and EEG (rsEEG). RsfMRI revealed significantly reduced connectivity within WM-relevant networks (default mode, central executive, dorsal attention, salience), whereas rsEEG identified no differences (modularity, global efficiency, local efficiency). In summary, otherwise healthy current <jats:italic>undergraduates<\/jats:italic> with a history of mTBI present behavioral deficits with evidence of persistent disconnection long after full recovery is expected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-80995-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T12:57:54Z","timestamp":1612270674000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Impaired visual working memory and reduced connectivity in undergraduates with a history of mild traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hector","family":"Arciniega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorja","family":"Shires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Furlong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandrea","family":"Kilgore-Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelle","family":"Cerreta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas G.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian E.","family":"Berryhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"80995_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2168","volume":"29","author":"KL Cameron","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cameron, K. 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