{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T13:00:23Z","timestamp":1781096423510,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["P30-CA006516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-CA006516"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32-GM007753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-GM007753"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers, including of N95 masks (filtering facepiece respirators; FFRs). These masks are intended for single use but their sterilization and subsequent reuse has the potential to substantially mitigate shortages. Here we investigate PPE sterilization using ionized hydrogen peroxide (iHP), generated by SteraMist equipment (TOMI; Frederick, MD), in a sealed environment chamber. The efficacy of sterilization by iHP was assessed using bacterial spores in biological indicator assemblies. After one or more iHP treatments, five models of N95 masks from three manufacturers were assessed for retention of function based on their ability to form an airtight seal (measured using a quantitative fit test) and filter aerosolized particles. Filtration testing was performed at a university lab and at a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) pre-certification laboratory. The data demonstrate that N95 masks sterilized using SteraMist iHP technology retain filtration efficiency up to ten cycles, the maximum number tested to date. A typical iHP environment chamber with a volume of ~\u200980\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    can treat ~\u20097000 masks and other items (e.g. other PPE, iPADs), making this an effective approach for a busy medical center.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81365-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T06:03:39Z","timestamp":1611209019000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Analysis of SteraMist ionized hydrogen peroxide technology in the sterilization of N95 respirators and other PPE"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0014-8921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avilash K.","family":"Cramer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4218-1693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Plana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9455-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4546-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary M.","family":"Carmack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6410-5360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enze","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9165-8611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Krikorian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhan","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7841-8058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5882-960X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajiv","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7798-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florence T.","family":"Bourgeois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1432-9128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherry H.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3364-1838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter K.","family":"Sorger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8264-834X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole R.","family":"LeBoeuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"81365_CR1","unstructured":"Lovelace Jr., B. HHS clarifies US has about 1% of face masks needed for \u2018full-blown\u2019 coronavirus pandemic. CNBC (2020)."},{"key":"81365_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ141","volume":"60","author":"C Carias","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carias, C. et al. Potential demand for respirators and surgical masks during a hypothetical influenza pandemic in the United States. Clin. Infect. Dis. 60, S42\u2013S51 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"81365_CR3","unstructured":"Radonovich, Jr., L. J.et al. Better Respiratory Equipment Using Advanced Technologies for Healthcare Employees (PROJECT B.R.E.A.T.H.E.). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/npptl\/hospresptoolkit\/pdfs\/ProjectBREATHE-final-report-508.pdf (2009)."},{"key":"81365_CR4","unstructured":"CDC. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). 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J., King, W. P. & Shaffer, R. E. Effect of decontamination on the filtration efficiency of two filtering facepiece respirator models. J. Int. Soc. Respir. Prot. 24, 15 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Respir. Prot."},{"key":"81365_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/mep070","author":"DJ Viscusi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Viscusi, D. J., Bergman, M. S., Eimer, B. C. & Shaffer, R. E. Evaluation of five decontamination methods for filtering facepiece respirators. Ann. Occup. Hyg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annhyg\/mep070 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"81365_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.28.20043471","author":"A Cramer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cramer, A. et al. 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PKS is a member of the SAB or Board of Directors of Applied Biomath, Glencoe Software and RareCyte Inc and has equity in these companies. In the last five years the Sorger lab has received research funding from Novartis and Merck. Sorger declares that none of these relationships are directly or indirectly related to the content of this manuscript. NRB is a consultant for or has received honoraria from the following companies: Seattle Genetics, Sanofi, and Bayer. The authors have no affiliation with and received no compensation from TOMI Environmental Solutions, Inc and TOMI played no role in the design of the study. The authors corresponded with members of TOMI Corporation concerning the technical specifications of the SteraMist system. The other authors have no competing interests or interests that could be perceived to influence the results and\/or discussion reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2051"}}