{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:22:30Z","timestamp":1791638550918,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is no consensus on the optimal timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) for patients with acute cholecystitis (AC). We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent LC after PTGBD between 1 February 2016 and 1 February 2020. We divided patients into three groups according to the interval time between PTGBD and LC as follows: Group I (within 1\u00a0week), (Group II, 1\u00a0week to 1\u00a0month), and Group III (&gt;\u20091\u00a0month) and analyzed patients\u2019 perioperative outcomes. We enrolled 100 patients in this study (Group I, n\u2009=\u200922; Group II, n\u2009=\u200930; Group III, n\u2009=\u200948). We found no significant difference between the groups regarding patients\u2019 baseline characteristics and no significant difference regarding operation time and estimated blood loss (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.69, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.26, respectively). The incidence of conversion to open cholecystectomy was similar in the three groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.37), and we found no significant difference regarding postoperative complications (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.987). Group I had shorter total hospital stays and medical costs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively) vs Group II and Group III. Early LC within 1\u00a0week after PTGBD is safe and effective, with comparable intraoperative outcomes, postoperative complications, and conversion rates to open cholecystectomy. Furthermore, early LC could decrease postoperative length of hospital stay and medical costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82089-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T11:04:39Z","timestamp":1611831879000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yunxiao","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxiao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"82089_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.516","volume":"25","author":"K Okamoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okamoto, K. et al. Tokyo guidelines 2018: Flowchart for the management of acute cholecystitis. J. Hepato Biliary Pancr. Sci. 25, 55\u201372 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Hepato Biliary Pancr. Sci."},{"key":"82089_CR2","first-page":"232","volume":"39","author":"S Vaccari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vaccari, S. et al. Early versus delayed approach in cholecystectomy after admission to an emergency department: A multicenter retrospective study. G Chir 39, 232\u2013238 (2018).","journal-title":"G Chir"},{"key":"82089_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2014.2339","volume":"150","author":"SN Zafar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zafar, S. N. et al. Optimal time for early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. JAMA Surg. 150, 129\u2013136 (2015).","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"82089_CR4","volume-title":"& Ahmad, H","author":"KS Faizi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Faizi, K. S. & Ahmed, I. & Ahmad, H (Choosing the best, Comparison of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 2013)."},{"key":"82089_CR5","first-page":"330","volume":"49","author":"RW Radder","year":"1980","unstructured":"Radder, R. W. Ultrasonically guided percutaneous catheter drainage for gallbladder empyema. Diagn. Imaging 49, 330\u2013333 (1980).","journal-title":"Diagn. Imaging"},{"key":"82089_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900416","volume":"22","author":"M Sugiyama","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sugiyama, M., Tokuhara, M. & Atomi, Y. Is percutaneous cholecystostomy the optimal treatment for acute cholecystitis in the very elderly?. World J. Surg. 22, 459\u2013463 (1998).","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"82089_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakamoto, T., Fujiogi, M., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K. & Yasunaga, H. Timing of cholecystectomy after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis: A nationwide inpatient database study. Hpb (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2019.10.2438"},{"key":"82089_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inoue, K., et al. Optimal timing of cholecystectomy after percutaneous gallbladder drainage for severe cholecystitis. BMC Gastroenterol. 17(2017).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-017-0631-8"},{"key":"82089_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.4166\/kjg.2015.66.4.209","volume":"66","author":"WH Jung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jung, W. H. & Park, D. E. Timing of cholecystectomy after percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis. Korean J. Gastroenterol. 66, 209\u2013214 (2015).","journal-title":"Korean J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"82089_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-018-0445-9","volume":"18","author":"YX Lyu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lyu, Y. X. et al. Same-admission versus delayed cholecystectomy for mild acute biliary pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Surg. 18, 111 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Surg."},{"key":"82089_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-07409-7","volume":"34","author":"R Krishnamoorthi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krishnamoorthi, R. et al. EUS-guided versus endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage in high-risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg. Endosc. 34, 1904\u20131913 (2020).","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"82089_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/den.13334","volume":"31","author":"T Ogura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ogura, T. & Higuchi, K. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage: Current status and future prospects. Dig. Endosc. 31(Suppl 1), 55\u201364 (2019).","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"82089_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-011-0458-6","volume":"19","author":"IW Han","year":"2012","unstructured":"Han, I. W. et al. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage. J. Hepatobiliary. Pancreat. Sci. 19, 187\u2013193 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Hepatobiliary. Pancreat. Sci."},{"key":"82089_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05117-5","volume":"43","author":"K Abe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abe, K. et al. The efficacy of PTGBD for acute cholecystitis based on the Tokyo guidelines 2018. World J. Surg. 43, 2789\u20132796 (2019).","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"82089_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E594","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-102091","volume":"6","author":"C Iino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iino, C. et al. Comparable efficacy of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage and percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage in acute cholecystitis. Endosc. Int. Open 6, E594-e601 (2018).","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"82089_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-014-0838-z","volume":"44","author":"K Asai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asai, K. et al. Risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery associated with the severity characteristics according to the Tokyo guidelines. Surg. Today 44, 2300\u20132304 (2014).","journal-title":"Surg. Today"},{"key":"82089_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.05.040","volume":"199","author":"M Sippey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sippey, M. et al. Acute cholecystitis: Risk factors for conversion to an open procedure. J. Surg. Res. 199, 357\u2013361 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"82089_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-002-9004-6","volume":"16","author":"F Chikamori","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chikamori, F., Kuniyoshi, N., Shibuya, S. & Takase, Y. Early scheduled laparoscopic cholecystectomy following percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage for patients with acute cholecystitis. Surg. Endosc. 16, 1704\u20131707 (2002).","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"82089_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.14701\/kjhbps.2012.16.4.147","volume":"16","author":"JW Choi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choi, J. W., Park, S. H., Choi, S. Y., Kim, H. S. & Kim, T. H. Comparison of clinical result between early laparoscopic cholecystectomy and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage for patients with complicated acute cholecystitis. Korean J. Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surg. 16, 147\u2013153 (2012).","journal-title":"Korean J. Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surg."},{"key":"82089_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.515","volume":"25","author":"M Yokoe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yokoe, M. et al. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis (with videos). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 25, 41\u201354 (2018).","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-82089-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-82089-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-82089-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T02:44:07Z","timestamp":1670035447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-82089-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["82089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-82089-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2516"}}