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However, studies focusing on the clonal background and epidemiology of plasmids carrying NDM genes were limited. Between 2016 and 2018, all clinical <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates that were non-susceptible to ertapenem, meropenem, and imipenem were tested for carbapenemase-encoding genes (CEGs) and antimicrobial susceptibilities. Molecular typing was performed on all carbapenemase-producing isolates. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on all NDM-positive <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates. Twenty-three (29.5%) of 78 carbapenem non-susceptible <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and 108 (35.3%) of 306 carbapenem non-susceptible <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates carried CEGs. The most prevalent CEGs in carbapenemase-producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (CPEc) were <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub> (39.1%) and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>IMP-8<\/jats:sub> (30.4%), while that in carbapenemase-producing <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> carbapenemase (KPC) (72.2%). Fifteen sequence types were identified among 23 CPEc, and 55.6% of NDM-positive <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates belonged to ST410. WGS showed ST410 isolates were highly clonal and similar to those from other countries. All NDM-5-positive <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates carried identical IncX3 plasmid harboring <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>NDM-5<\/jats:sub> but no other antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. In each of the four NDM-1-positive <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates, the <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub> was present in a \u223c\u00a0300\u00a0kb IncHI2\/IncHI2A plasmid which carried an array of AMR genes. NDMs are the most prevalent carbapenemase among CPEc in Taiwan. Awareness should be raised as the prevalence of NDM-positive <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> might increase rapidly with IncX3 plasmid and globally distributed strain ST410 being the potential vectors for wide dissemination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82166-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T11:04:39Z","timestamp":1611831879000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Increasing New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-positive Escherichia coli among carbapenem non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae in Taiwan during 2016 to 2018"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yu-Shan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Chen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pao-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jann-Tay","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Tsong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Jui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsai-Ling","family":"Lauderdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan-Chwen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"82166_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041359","volume":"352","author":"GA Jacoby","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jacoby, G. 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