{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T08:11:12Z","timestamp":1793347872674,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017YFC1700704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1700704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System","award":["CARS-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Allelopathy means that one plant produces chemical substances to affect the growth and development of other plants. Usually, allelochemicals can stimulate or inhibit the germination and growth of plants, which have been considered as potential strategy for drug development of environmentally friendly biological herbicides. Obviously, the discovery of plant materials with extensive sources, low cost and markedly allelopathic effect will have far-reaching ecological impacts as the biological herbicide. At present, a large number of researches have already reported that certain plant-derived allelochemicals can inhibit weed growth. In this study, the allelopathic effect of <jats:italic>Artemisia argyi<\/jats:italic> was investigated via a series of laboratory experiments and field trial. Firstly, water-soluble extracts exhibited the strongest allelopathic inhibitory effects on various plants under incubator conditions, after the different extracts authenticated by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Then, the allelopathic effect of the <jats:italic>A. argyi<\/jats:italic> was systematacially evaluated on the seed germination and growth of <jats:italic>Brassica pekinensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lactuca sativa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Oryza sativa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Portulaca oleracea<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Oxalis corniculata<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Setaria viridis<\/jats:italic> in pot experiments, it suggested that the <jats:italic>A. argyi<\/jats:italic> could inhibit both dicotyledons and monocotyledons not only by seed germination but also by seedling growth. Furthermore, field trial showed that the <jats:italic>A. argyi<\/jats:italic> significantly inhibited the growth of weeds in <jats:italic>Chrysanthemum morifolium<\/jats:italic> field with no adverse effect on the growth of <jats:italic>C. morifolium<\/jats:italic>. At last, RNA-Seq analysis and key gene detection analysis indicated that <jats:italic>A.argyi<\/jats:italic> inhibited the germination and growth of weed via multi-targets and multi-paths while the inhibiting of chlorophyll synthesis of target plants was one of the key mechanisms. In summary, the <jats:italic>A. argyi<\/jats:italic> was confirmed as a potential raw material for the development of preventive herbicides against various weeds in this research. Importantly, this discovery maybe provide scientific evidence for the research and development of environmentally friendly herbicides in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83752-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T11:06:57Z","timestamp":1613992017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Allelopathic effect of Artemisia argyi on the germination and growth of various weeds"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jinxin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaohuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhuan","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bisheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanping","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dahui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhi","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"83752_CR1","first-page":"69","volume":"4","author":"YX Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang, Y. X. et al. The pollution of chemical pesticides to the environment and bioremediation measures. Territory Nat. Resour. Study 4, 69\u201370 (2008).","journal-title":"Territory Nat. Resour. Study"},{"key":"83752_CR2","first-page":"472","volume":"29","author":"HD Molish","year":"1938","unstructured":"Molish, H. D. einfluss einer pflanze auf die-andere allelopathie. Protoplasma 29, 472\u2013473 (1938).","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"83752_CR3","first-page":"1020","volume":"6","author":"F Cheng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheng, F. & Cheng, Z. H. Research progress on the use of plant allelopathy in agriculture and the physiological and ecological mechanisms of allelopathy. Front. Plant Sci. 6, 1020 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"83752_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2005.12.026","volume":"67","author":"AJ Humphrey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Humphrey, A. J. & Beale, M. H. Strigol: biogenesis and physiological activity. Phytochemistry 67, 636\u2013640 (2006).","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"83752_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2007.05.016","volume":"68","author":"A Evidente","year":"2007","unstructured":"Evidente, A., Fern\u00e1ndez-Aparicio, M. & Andolfi, A. Trigoxazonane, a monosubstituted trioxazonane from Trigonella foenum-graecum root exudate, inhibits Orobanche crenata seed germination. Phytochemistry 68, 2487\u20132492 (2007).","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"83752_CR6","first-page":"1475","volume":"39","author":"SHN Bao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bao, S. H. N., Miao, Y. J., Deng, S. M. & Xu, Y. M. Allelopathic effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in the seedling stage on seed germination and growth of Elymus nutans in different areas. Acta Ecol. Sin. 39, 1475\u20131483 (2019).","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"83752_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.12.023","volume":"214","author":"S Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, S., Zhou, S., Yang, W. & Meng, D. Gastro-protective effect of edible plant Artemisia argyi in ethanol-induced rats via normalizing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. J. Ethnopharmacol. 214, 207\u2013217 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"83752_CR8","first-page":"40","volume":"30","author":"R Jin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jin, R., Meng, X. N. & Zhao, B. X. Investigation on the real herb of Mugwort leaf and the standard of its processing for moxibustion. Chin. Acupunct. Moxib. 30, 40\u201342 (2010).","journal-title":"Chin. Acupunct. Moxib."},{"key":"83752_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2017.08.021","volume":"1063","author":"BS Han","year":"2017","unstructured":"Han, B. S. et al. Comprehensive characterization and identification of antioxidants in Folium Artemisiae Argyi using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B 1063, 84\u201392 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"83752_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2018.03.044","volume":"1550","author":"D Ren","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ren, D., Ran, L., Yang, C., Xu, M. & Yi, L. Integrated strategy for identifying minor components in complex samples combining mass defect, diagnostic ions and neutral loss information based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry platform: Folium Artemisiae Argyi as a case study. J. Chromatogr. 1550, 35\u201344 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr."},{"key":"83752_CR11","first-page":"4057","volume":"45","author":"DD Luo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luo, D. D. et al. Comparison of chemical components between Artemisia stolonifera and Artemisia argyi using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. China J. Chin. Mater. Med. 45, 4057\u20134064 (2020).","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"83752_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-018-0298-3","volume":"93","author":"C Hachani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hachani, C., Abassi, M., Lazhar, C., Lamhamedi, M. S. & B\u00e9jaoui, Z. Allelopathic effects of leachates of Casuarina glauca Sieb. Ex Spreng. and Populus nigra L. on germination and seedling growth of Triticum durum Desf. under laboratory conditions. Agrofor. Syst. 93, 1973\u20131983 (2019).","journal-title":"Agrofor. Syst."},{"key":"83752_CR13","first-page":"2219","volume":"31","author":"JX Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, J. X., Ye, J. W. & Liu, D. H. Allelopathic effects of Miscanthus floridulus on seed germination and seedling growth of three crops. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol. 31, 2219\u20132226 (2020).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"83752_CR14","first-page":"940","volume":"22","author":"JX Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, J. X. et al. Application of Artemisia argyi Powder in ecological planting of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Mod. Chin. Med. 22, 940\u2013944 (2020).","journal-title":"Mod. Chin. Med."},{"key":"83752_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12284-019-0290-1","volume":"12","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, Q. et al. Transcriptome analysis reveals that barnyard grass exudates increase the allelopathic potential of allelopathic and non-allelopathic rice ( Oryza sativa ) accessions. Rice 12, 30 (2019).","journal-title":"Rice"},{"key":"83752_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093087","volume":"303","author":"KN Ferreira","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferreira, K. N., Iverson, T. M., Maghlaoui, K., Barber, J. & Iwata, S. Architecture of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving center. Science 303, 1831\u20131838 (2004).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"83752_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2005.05.005","volume":"10","author":"SI Beale","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beale, S. I. Green genes gleaned. Trends Plant Sci. 10, 309\u2013312 (2005).","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"83752_CR18","first-page":"111","volume":"40","author":"SY Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, S. Y., Yin, B. D., Wang, Y. N., Chen, S. X. & Qian, H. Q. Study on comparison of different methods on extracting total triterpenoids from sanguisorba officinalis and its antioxidant activities. Food Res. Dev. 40, 111\u2013115 (2019).","journal-title":"Food Res. Dev."},{"key":"83752_CR19","first-page":"190","volume":"26","author":"YJ Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. J., Lu, S. B. & Gao, H. D. Allelopathic effect of different solvent extraction from seed of Taxus chinensis var. Mairei on cabbage seed germination and seedling growth. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull. 26, 190\u2013194 (2010).","journal-title":"Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"83752_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4533","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/err161","volume":"62","author":"MI Hussain","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hussain, M. I. & Reigosa, M. J. Allelochemical stress inhibits growth, leaf water relations, psII photochemistry, non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, and heat energy dissipation in three c3 perennial species. J. Exp. Bot. 62, 4533\u20134545 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"83752_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soltys, D., Krasuska, U., Bogatek, R. & Gniazdowska, A. Allelochemicals as Bioherbicides\u2014Present and Perspectives. Croatia: InTech. 518\u2013519 (2013).","DOI":"10.5772\/56185"},{"key":"83752_CR22","first-page":"849","volume":"20","author":"CH Kong","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kong, C. H., Xu, T., Hu, F. & Huang, S. S. Allelopathy under environmental stress and its induced mechanism. Acta Ecol. Sin. 20, 849\u2013854 (2000).","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"83752_CR23","first-page":"1885","volume":"42","author":"AH Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang, A. H., Dao, Y. G., Xu, Y. H., Lei, F. J. & Zhang, L. X. Advances in studies on allelopathy of medicinal plants in China. Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs 42, 1885\u20131890 (2011).","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"83752_CR24","first-page":"216","volume":"41","author":"L Cao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cao, L., Yu, D., Cui, L. & Du, X. W. Research progress on chemical composition,pharmacological effects and product development of Artemisia argyi. Drug Eval. Res. 41, 216\u2013221 (2018).","journal-title":"Drug Eval. Res."},{"key":"83752_CR25","first-page":"2342","volume":"15","author":"HQ He","year":"2004","unstructured":"He, H. Q. et al. Weed-suppressive effect of phenolic acids. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol. 15, 2342\u20132346 (2004).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"83752_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2007.05.003","volume":"165","author":"DR Batish","year":"2008","unstructured":"Batish, D. R., Singh, H. P., Kaur, S., Kohli, R. K. & Yadav, S. S. Caffeic acid affects early growth, and morphogenetic response of hypocotyl cuttings of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus). J. Plant Physiol. 165, 297\u2013305 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"83752_CR27","first-page":"165","volume":"44","author":"YY Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li, Y. Y., Zhang, Y., Jiang, Z. M., Chen, T. & Wu, S. T. Control effects of several herbicides on weeds in tobacco fields. J. Anhui Agric. Sci. 44, 165\u2013168 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Anhui Agric. Sci."},{"key":"83752_CR28","first-page":"43","volume":"4","author":"DH Yan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yan, D. H., Liu, W. & Gan, Y. M. A study on the effect of several selective herbicides on the dicotyledon weeds in turf. J. Sichuan Grassland 4, 43\u201345 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Sichuan Grassland"},{"key":"83752_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233712471702","volume":"31","author":"Y Kaya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaya, Y. et al. Phytotoxical effect of Lepidium draba L. extracts on the germination and growth of monocot (Zea mays L.) and dicot (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seeds. Toxicol. Ind. Health 31, 247\u2013254 (2013).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"83752_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005414216848","volume":"26","author":"JG Romagni","year":"2004","unstructured":"Romagni, J. G., Allen, S. N. & Dayan, F. E. Allelopathic effects of volatile cineoles on two weedy plant species. J. Chem. Ecol. 26, 303\u2013313 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"83752_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142253","volume":"754","author":"Q Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, Q. et al. In vitro allelopathic effects of compounds from Cerbera manghas L. on three Dinophyta species responsible for harmful common red tides. Sci. Total Environ. 754, 142253 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"83752_CR32","first-page":"53","volume":"29","author":"ZX Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li, Z. X., Qin, S. J., Lyu, D. G., Nie, J. Y. & Ma, H. Y. Effects of aqueous root extracts on seedling growth and root respiratory metabolisms of Cerasus sachalinensis. J. Fruit Sci. 29, 53\u201359 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Fruit Sci."},{"key":"83752_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1139\/b97-047","volume":"75","author":"R Baziramakenga","year":"1997","unstructured":"Baziramakenga, R., Leroux, G. D., Simard, R. R. & Nadeau, P. Allelopathic effects of phenolic acids on nucleic acid and protein levels in soybean seedlings. Can. J. Bot. 75, 445\u2013450 (1997).","journal-title":"Can. J. Bot."},{"key":"83752_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37329-5","volume":"269","author":"B C\u00e9cile","year":"1994","unstructured":"C\u00e9cile, B., Vitry, C. D. & Popot, J. L. Membrane association of cytochrome b6f subunits. The Rieskeiron-sulfur protein from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an extrinsic protein. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 7597\u20137602 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"83752_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chnaes.2017.01.002","volume":"37","author":"SC Shen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shen, S. C. et al. Allelopathic effects of water extracts from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaves on five major farming weeds. Acta Ecol. Sin. 37, 1931\u20131938 (2017).","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"83752_CR36","first-page":"1109","volume":"51","author":"HC Bao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bao, H. C. et al. Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of pugionium cornutum on seed germination and seedling growth of cabbage. Plant Physiol. J. 51, 1109\u20131116 (2015).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. J."},{"key":"83752_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041431","volume":"21","author":"B Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, B. et al. Transcriptome analysis and identification of genes associated with starch metabolism in Castanea henryi Seed (Fagaceae). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 1431 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"83752_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn025","volume":"24","author":"R Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, R., Li, Y., Kristiansen, K. & Wang, J. SOAP: short oligonucleotide alignment program. Bioinformatics 24, 713\u2013714 (2013).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"83752_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3317","volume":"12","author":"D Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim, D., Langmead, B. & Salzberg, S. L. HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements. Nat. Methods 12, 357\u2013360 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"83752_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","volume":"9","author":"B Langmead","year":"2012","unstructured":"Langmead, B. et al. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nat. Methods 9, 357\u2013359 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"83752_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-323","volume":"12","author":"B Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li, B. & Dewey, C. N. RSEM: accurate transcript quantification from RNA-Seq data with or without a reference genome. BMC Bioinform. 12, 323 (2011).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"83752_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","volume":"15","author":"MI Love","year":"2014","unstructured":"Love, M. I., Huber, W. & Anders, S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 15, 550 (2014).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"83752_CR43","first-page":"1300","volume":"13","author":"MX Zhang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang, M. X., Ling, B., Kong, C. H., Zhao, H. & Pang, X. F. Allelopathic potential of volatile oil from Mikania micrantha. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol. 13, 1300\u20131302 (2002).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"83752_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01022540","volume":"14","author":"GB Williamson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Williamson, G. B. & Richardson, D. Bioassays for allelopathy: measuring treatment responses with independent controls. J. Chem. Ecol. 14, 181\u2013187 (1988).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-83752-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-83752-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-83752-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T03:56:00Z","timestamp":1670039760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-83752-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["83752"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-83752-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 December 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4303"}}