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The developing gastro-intestinal tract of neonatal piglets provides a \u201cwindow of opportunity\u201d for programming their intestinal microbiota composition and corresponding intestinal development. Here, we investigated the impact of early feeding on jejunum and colon microbiota composition, and intestinal maturation in suckling piglets. From two days of age, early-fed (EF; n\u2009=\u20096 litters) piglets had access to solid feed containing a mixture of fibres till weaning (day29) in addition to sow\u2019s milk, whereas the control (CON; n\u2009=\u20096 litters) piglets exclusively fed on sow\u2019s milk. Early feeding elicited a significant impact on the colon microbiota, whereas no such effect was seen in the jejunal and ileal microbiota. Quantified eating behavioural scores could significantly explain the variation in microbiota composition of EF piglets and support their classification into good, moderate, and bad eaters. Members of the Lachnospiraceae family, and the genera<jats:italic>Eubacterium, Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Ruminococcus<\/jats:italic>were quantitatively associated with eating scores. EF piglets were found to have a decreased pH in caecum and colon, which coincided with increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. Moreover, they also had increased weights and lengths of several intestinal tract segments, as well as a decreased villus-crypt ratio in jejunal mucosa and an increased abundance of proliferative cells in colon mucosa. The approaches in this study indicate that early feeding of a mixed-fibre (pre-weaning) diet changes the microbiota composition, pH, and fermentation products in the distal gut of piglets, while it also alters both macroscopic and microscopic intestinal measurements. These results exemplify the potential of early feeding to modulate intestinal development in young piglets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83756-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T09:14:59Z","timestamp":1613812499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Impact of early-life feeding on local intestinal microbiota and digestive system development in piglets"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Middelkoop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. G.","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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