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In a natural environment, daily and seasonal variations of the temperature cause a frequent switch between the two infection scenarios, making the bacteria-phage interaction with condition-dependent lysogeny highly complex. As a case study, we explore the natural control of the pathogenic bacteria <jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> by its dominant phage. <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> is the causative agent of melioidosis, which is among the most fatal diseases in Southeast Asia and across the world. We assess the spatial aspect of <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>-phage interactions in soil, which has been so far overlooked in the literature, using the reaction-diffusion PDE-based framework with external forcing through daily and seasonal parameter variation. Through extensive computer simulations for realistic biological parameters, we obtain results suggesting that phages may regulate <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> numbers across seasons in endemic areas, and that the abundance of highly pathogenic phage-free bacteria shows a clear annual cycle. The model predicts particularly dangerous soil layers characterised by high pathogen densities. Our findings can potentially help refine melioidosis prevention and monitoring practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83773-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T11:05:33Z","timestamp":1614078333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Modelling the spatiotemporal complexity of interactions between pathogenic bacteria and a phage with a temperature-dependent life cycle switch"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Halil I.","family":"Egilmez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew Yu.","family":"Morozov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edouard E.","family":"Galyov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"83773_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.2307\/1313569","volume":"49","author":"SW Wilhelm","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wilhelm, S. 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