{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:46:24Z","timestamp":1787237184434,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Hospital of the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["402170461 \u2013 TRR265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402170461 \u2013 TRR265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Projekt DEAL"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alcohol consumption during pregnancy may lead to permanent damage in the offspring, including fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which have an estimated prevalence of 1\u20138% worldwide. In adulthood, diagnosing FASD is time-consuming and costly. This study aimed to evaluate the discriminatory power of a German screening instrument for FASD in adults\u2014the biographic screening interview (BSI-FASD). In an open-label comparative cohort study wherein a one-time survey was administered per participant, we compared 22 subjects with confirmed FASD with control groups of 15 subjects diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 20 subjects with alcohol or opiate dependence, 18 subjects with depression, and 31 controls without prenatal alcohol exposure. The BSI-FASD was found to be resource-efficient, user-friendly, comprehensible, and easily applicable. It provided an overall good convergent and discriminant validity with a sensitivity of 0.77 (adapted 0.86) and specificities between 0.70 and 1.00. The BSI-FASD subdomains differed in their power to differentiate FASD from the groups. This study established that the BSI-FASD is an efficient instrument to screen adults with suspected FASD. The BSI-FASD may facilitate future diagnostic evaluation and thereby contribute to improved treatment of affected individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83942-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T06:04:29Z","timestamp":1614837869000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of the German biographic screening interview for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (BSI-FASD)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Widder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Mierzwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Schwerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrike","family":"Schecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8096-3987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Kornhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polyxeni","family":"Bouna-Pyrrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Malte","family":"Bumb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5426-8342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Richter-Schmidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-0924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernd","family":"Lenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"83942_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91291-9","volume":"1","author":"KL Jones","year":"1973","unstructured":"Jones, K. L., Smith, D. W., Ulleland, C. N. & Streissguth, P. Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers. Lancet 1, 1267\u20131271 (1973).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"83942_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743718773706","volume":"64","author":"E Jonsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jonsson, E. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): a policy perspective. Can. J. Psychiatry 64, 161\u2013163 (2019).","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"83942_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1919","volume":"171","author":"S Lange","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lange, S. et al. Global prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder among children and youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 171, 948\u2013956 (2017).","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"83942_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21129","volume":"108","author":"C Caputo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caputo, C., Wood, E. & Jabbour, L. Impact of fetal alcohol exposure on body systems: a systematic review. Birth Defects Res. C Embryo Today 108, 174\u2013180 (2016).","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. C Embryo Today"},{"key":"83942_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2018.06.003","volume":"172","author":"B Lenz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lenz, B. et al. The androgen model of suicide completion. Prog. Neurobiol. 172, 84\u2013103 (2019).","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"83942_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.11.001","volume":"96","author":"B Lenz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lenz, B. et al. Sex hormone activity in alcohol addiction: integrating organizational and activational effects. Prog. Neurobiol. 96, 136\u2013163 (2012).","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"83942_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12725","volume":"136","author":"B Lenz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lenz, B. et al. Prenatal and adult androgen activities in alcohol dependence. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 136, 96\u2013107 (2017).","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"83942_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-016-0811-4","volume":"18","author":"L Ericson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ericson, L., Magnusson, L. & Hovstadius, B. Societal costs of fetal alcohol syndrome in Sweden. Eur. J. Health Econ. 18, 575\u2013585 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Health Econ."},{"key":"83942_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764015614594","volume":"62","author":"S Tiikkaja","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tiikkaja, S. et al. Psychiatric disorder and work life: a longitudinal study of intra-generational social mobility. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry 62, 156\u2013166 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"83942_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.141593","volume":"188","author":"JL Cook","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cook, J. L. et al. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a guideline for diagnosis across the lifespan. CMAJ 188, 191\u2013197 (2016).","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"83942_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agz049","volume":"54","author":"VK Temple","year":"2019","unstructured":"Temple, V. K., Cook, J. L., Unsworth, K., Rajani, H. & Mela, M. Mental health and affect regulation impairment in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD): results from the Canadian national FASD database. Alcohol Alcohol. 54, 545\u2013550 (2019).","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"83942_CR12","unstructured":"Bower, C. & Elliott, E. J. on behalf of the Steering Group. Report to the Australian Government Department of Health: Australian Guide to the diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), (2016)."},{"key":"83942_CR13","first-page":"e494","volume":"18","author":"SK Clarren","year":"2011","unstructured":"Clarren, S. K., Lutke, J. & Sherbuck, M. The Canadian guidelines and the interdisciplinary clinical capacity of Canada to diagnose fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. J. Popul. Ther. Clin. Pharmacol. 18, e494\u2013e499 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Popul. Ther. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"83942_CR14","unstructured":"Landgraf, M. N. & Heinen, F. S3-Leitlinie: Diagnose der Fetalen Alkoholspektrumst\u00f6rungen (FASD). Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) Registration number 022-025 (2016). Available: https:\/\/www.awmf.org\/leitlinien\/detail\/ll\/022-025.html (accessed 12\/2\/2019)"},{"key":"83942_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Astley, S. J. & Clarren, S. K. Measuring the facial phenotype of individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure: Correlations with brain dysfunction. Alcohol Alcoholism. 36(2), 147\u2013159 (2001).","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/36.2.147"},{"key":"83942_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30140","volume":"145C","author":"AE Chudley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chudley, A. E., Kilgour, A. R., Cranston, M. & Edwards, M. Challenges of diagnosis in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in the adult. Am. J. Med. Genet. C Semin. Med. Genet. 145C, 261\u2013272 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. C Semin. Med. Genet."},{"key":"83942_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.7895\/ijadr.v2i3.116","volume":"2","author":"TM Grant","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grant, T. M. et al. Screening in treatment programs for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders that could affect therapeutic progress. Int. J. Alcohol Drug Res. 2, 37\u201349 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Alcohol Drug Res."},{"key":"83942_CR18","volume-title":"Erwachsene mit Fetalen Alkoholspektrumst\u00f6rungen","author":"L Schwerg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwerg, L., Ahlert, S., Becker, G., Gerhardt, U. & Rethmann, E. Biographisches-Screening-Interview f\u00fcr Menschen mit Verdacht auf FASD (BSI-FASD). In Erwachsene mit Fetalen Alkoholspektrumst\u00f6rungen (eds Becker, G. et al.) (De Gruyter, Berlin, 2019)."},{"key":"83942_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-001-1215-x","volume":"73","author":"P Retz-Junginger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Retz-Junginger, P. et al. Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-k) Die deutsche Kurzform zur retrospektiven Erfassung des hyperkinetischen Syndroms bei Erwachsenen. Nervenarzt 73, 830\u2013838 (2002).","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"83942_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-003-1622-2","volume":"75","author":"M R\u00f6sler","year":"2004","unstructured":"R\u00f6sler, M. et al. Instrumente zur Diagnostik der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-\/Hyperaktivit\u00e4tsst\u00f6rung (ADHS) im Erwachsenenalter. Der Nervenarzt 75, 888\u2013895 (2004).","journal-title":"Der Nervenarzt"},{"key":"83942_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-007-2375-0","volume":"79","author":"M R\u00f6sler","year":"2008","unstructured":"R\u00f6sler, M. et al. ADHS-Diagnose bei Erwachsenen. Nach DSM-IV, ICD-10 und den UTAH-Kriterien. Nervenarzt 79, 320\u2013327 (2008).","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"83942_CR22","volume-title":"Inventar Klinischer Pers\u00f6nlichkeitsakzentuierungen, Manual","author":"B Andresen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andresen, B. Inventar Klinischer Pers\u00f6nlichkeitsakzentuierungen, Manual (Hogrefe, G\u00f6ttingen, 2006)."},{"key":"83942_CR23","volume-title":"BDI-II. Beck depressions inventar revision\u2014Manual","author":"M Hautzinger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hautzinger, M., Keller, F. & K\u00fchner, C. BDI-II. Beck depressions inventar revision\u2014Manual (Frankfurt, Harcourt Test Services, 2006)."},{"key":"83942_CR24","volume-title":"Biographisches Screening-Interview f\u00fcr Fetale Alkoholspektrumst\u00f6rungen \u2013 BSI-FASD (Unver\u00f6ffentlichte Masterarbeit)","author":"L Schwerg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwerg, L. Biographisches Screening-Interview f\u00fcr Fetale Alkoholspektrumst\u00f6rungen \u2013 BSI-FASD (Unver\u00f6ffentlichte Masterarbeit) (Universit\u00e4t Potsdam, Potsdam, 2019)."},{"issue":"1","key":"83942_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1915","volume":"135","author":"J Rangmar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rangmar, J. et al. Psychosocial outcomes of fetal alcohol syndrome in adulthood. Pediatrics 135(1), e52\u2013e58 (2015).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"83942_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-018-0946-7","volume":"269","author":"D Pagnin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pagnin, D., Zamboni Grecco, M. L. & Furtado, E. F. Prenatal alcohol use as a risk for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 269, 681\u2013687 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"83942_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30150-4","volume":"18","author":"JR Wozniak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wozniak, J. R., Riley, E. P. & Charness, M. E. Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Lancet Neurol. 18, 760\u2013770 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"83942_CR28","first-page":"97","volume":"37","author":"NJ Murawski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murawski, N. J., Moore, E. M., Thomas, J. D. & Riley, E. P. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: from animal models to human studies. Alcohol Res. 37, 97\u2013108 (2015).","journal-title":"Alcohol Res."},{"key":"83942_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12866","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12866","volume":"25","author":"A Heinz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heinz, A. et al. Addiction Research Consortium: losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe)\u2014from trajectories to mechanisms and interventions. Addict. Biol. 25, e12866 (2020).","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-83942-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-83942-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-83942-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T07:10:26Z","timestamp":1697958626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-83942-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["83942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-83942-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Lina Schwerg provided the German translation and the adaptation of the BSI-FASD; beyond this, the authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"5233"}}