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In addition to REM sleep abnormalities, we hypothesized that RBD patients may also display EEG abnormalities during NREM sleep. We collected all-night recordings with 256-channel high-density EEG in nine RBD patients, predominantly early-onset medicated individuals, nine sex- and age- matched healthy controls, and nine additional controls with matched medications and comorbidities. Power spectra in delta to gamma frequency bands were compared during both REM and NREM sleep, between phasic and tonic REM sleep, and between the first versus last cycle of NREM sleep. Controls, but not RBD patients, displayed a decrease in beta power during phasic compared to tonic REM sleep. Compared to controls, RBD patients displayed a reduced decline in SWA from early to late NREM sleep. Overnight changes in the distribution of the amplitude of slow waves were also reduced in RBD patients. Without suppression of beta rhythms during phasic REM sleep, RBD patients might demonstrate heightened cortical arousal, favoring the emergence of behavioral episodes. A blunted difference between REM sleep sub-stages may constitute a sensitive biomarker for RBD. Moreover, reduced overnight decline in SWA suggests a reduced capacity for synaptic plasticity in RBD patients, which may favor progression towards neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83980-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T11:03:35Z","timestamp":1614337415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["A high-density electroencephalography study reveals abnormal sleep homeostasis in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Amandine","family":"Valomon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brady A.","family":"Riedner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie G.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith P.","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Tononi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Plante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth M.","family":"Benca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Boly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"83980_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.2.293","author":"CH Schenck","year":"1986","unstructured":"Schenck, C. 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Dr. Tononi was endowed the David P. White Chair in Sleep Medicine and receives grant support from Philips Healthcare. Dr. Riedner receives partial salary support from Philips Healthcare and, along with Dr. Tononi, is listed on several joint patent applications between the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation and Philips Healthcare related to sleep technology. Dr. Plante has received unrelated research support from the American Sleep Medicine Foundation, NIMH, NIA, NINR, the Madison Educational Partnership, and the University of Illinois at Chicago Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety Education and Research Center (funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). Dr. Plante has also served as a consultant for Teva Pharmaceuticals Australia and consultant\/medical advisory board member for Jazz Pharmaceuticals. The other authors have indicated no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4758"}}