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Among the neurotransmitters involved in the initiation of these behaviors, serotonin (5-HT) seems to play an important role. Here we compared pup-oriented maternal behaviors in mice with constitutive 5-HT depletion, the tryptophan hydroxylase 2-knock-out (Tph2-KO) and the Pet1-KO mice. We report that the only common pup-oriented defect in these 2 hyposerotoninergic\u00a0models is a defective nursing in parturient mice and altered nursing-like (crouching) behavior in virgin mice, while pup retrieval defects are only present in Tph2-KO. Despite a normal mammary gland development and milk production, the defect in appropriate nursing is responsible for severe growth retardation and early lethality of pups born to hyposerotonergic dams. This nursing defect is due to acute rather constitutive 5-HT depletion, as it is reproduced by adult knockdown of Tph2 in the dorsal raphe nucleus in mothers with a prior normal maternal experience. We conclude that 5-HT innervation from the dorsal raphe is required for both the initiation and maintenance of a normal nursing behavior. Our findings may be related to observations of reduced maternal\/infant interactions in human depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84368-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T07:14:42Z","timestamp":1615878882000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Dorsal raphe serotonin neurotransmission is required for the expression of nursing behavior and for pup survival"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Aude","family":"Muzerelle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Soiza-Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Hainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Louis","family":"Ruet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Peter","family":"Lesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Alenina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Scotto-Lomassese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"84368_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stern, J. 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The neurobiology of maternal mental illness: current understanding and future directions. Arch. Womens Ment. Health 22, 407\u2013408 (2019).","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"84368_CR7","first-page":"407","volume":"2","author":"M Angoa-P\u00e9rez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Angoa-P\u00e9rez, M. & Kuhn, D. M. Neuronal serotonin in the regulation of maternal behavior in rodents. Neurotransmitter (Houst) 2, 407\u2013408 (2015).","journal-title":"Neurotransmitter (Houst)"},{"key":"84368_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-014-0924-4","volume":"221","author":"A Muzerelle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Muzerelle, A., Scotto-Lomassese, S., Bernard, J. F., Soiza-Reilly, M. & Gaspar, P. Conditional anterograde tracing reveals distinct targeting of individual serotonin cell groups (B5\u2013B9) to the forebrain and brainstem. Brain Struct. Funct. 221, 535\u2013561 (2016).","journal-title":"Brain Struct. 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