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In this study, we explored how <jats:italic>T. vulgaris<\/jats:italic> leaf extract protects liver cells against sodium nitrite-(NaNO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) induced oxidative stress. Mice were divided into four groups; each group received one of the following treatments orally: saline; <jats:italic>T. vulgaris<\/jats:italic> extract alone; NaNO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> alone; <jats:italic>or T. vulgaris<\/jats:italic> extract\u2009+\u2009NaNO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and total proteins were measured in serum using standard methods. TNF-\u03b1, hemooxygenase-1 (HO-1), thioredoxin, SOD, and GSH synthase, all of which are linked to oxidative stress, were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In mice treated with <jats:italic>T. vulgaris<\/jats:italic> extract, the effect of NaNO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> on ALT and AST levels and total proteins was reduced, and its effect on antioxidant levels was reversed. Normally, NaNO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> causes hepatocyte congestion and severe hepatic central vein congestion. Tissues in the mice treated with <jats:italic>T. vulgaris<\/jats:italic> were restored to normal conditions. Our results demonstrate that NaNO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-induced hepatic injury is significantly reduced by pretreatment with <jats:italic>T. vulgaris<\/jats:italic> extract, which protects against hepatic oxidative stress and its associated genes at the biochemical, molecular, and cellular levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85264-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T11:03:49Z","timestamp":1615460629000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Hepatoprotective effect of Thymus vulgaris extract on sodium nitrite-induced changes in oxidative stress, antioxidant and inflammatory marker expression"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Mohamed","family":"Soliman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adil","family":"Aldhahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed M. 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