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Chemotherapeutic strategies continue to rely on cisplatin, as it remains the most active single agent against hepatoblastoma. However, chemoresistance remains a significant challenge with 54\u201380% of patients developing resistance to chemotherapy after 4\u20135 cycles of treatment. Stem cell-like cancer cells (SCLCCs) are a subset of cells thought to play a role in chemoresistance and disease recurrence. We have previously demonstrated that Proviral Integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases, specifically PIM3, play a role in hepatoblastoma cell proliferation and tumor growth and maintain the SCLCC phenotype. Here, we describe the development of a cisplatin-resistant hepatoblastoma xenograft model of the human HuH6 cell line and a patient-derived xenograft, COA67. We provide evidence that these cisplatin-resistant cells are enriched for SCLCCs and express PIM3 at higher levels than cisplatin-na\u00efve cells. We demonstrate that PIM inhibition with AZD1208 sensitizes cisplatin-resistant hepatoblastoma cells to cisplatin, enhances cisplatin-mediated apoptosis, and decreases the SCLCC phenotype seen with cisplatin resistance. Together, these findings indicate that PIM inhibition may be a promising adjunct in the treatment of hepatoblastoma to effectively target SCLCCs and potentially decrease chemoresistance and subsequent disease relapse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85289-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T11:14:42Z","timestamp":1615893282000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["PIM kinases mediate resistance to cisplatin chemotherapy in hepatoblastoma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Raoud","family":"Marayati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura L.","family":"Stafman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adele P.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura V.","family":"Bownes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin H.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie M.","family":"Aye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry E.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina J.","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua C.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Willey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Beierle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"85289_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/hpb.12112","volume":"15","author":"BJ Allan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allan, B. 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Lancet Oncol. 20, 719\u2013727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30895-7 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"85289_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(95)90762-9","volume":"30","author":"D von Schweinitz","year":"1995","unstructured":"von Schweinitz, D. et al. Complete resection before development of drug resistance is essential for survival from advanced hepatoblastoma\u2014A report from the German Cooperative Pediatric Liver Tumor Study HB-89. J. Pediatr. Surg. 30, 845\u2013852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3468(95)90762-9 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"85289_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"von Schweinitz, D. et al. Efficiency and toxicity of ifosfamide, cisplatin and doxorubicin in the treatment of childhood hepatoblastoma. Study Committee of the Cooperative Paediatric Liver Tumour Study HB89 of the German Society for Paediatric Oncology and Haematology. Eur. J. 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