{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:27:18Z","timestamp":1790476038312,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOST 106-2314-B-182A-041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106-2314-B-182A-041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3F1243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3F1243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> endophthalmitis is clinically more severe, more difficult to treat, and carry a higher risk of vision loss, evisceration, or enucleation. This study is to investigate the clinical settings, antibiotic susceptibility, and visual outcomes of <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> endophthalmitis at a tertiary referral center in Taiwan<jats:italic>. S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> endophthalmitis was diagnosed in 38 eyes of 38 patients. The main clinical features were postcataract endophthalmitis (n\u2009=\u200913, 34%) and endophthalmitis associated with corneal ulcer (n\u2009=\u200912, 32%), trauma (n\u2009=\u20096, 16%), endogenous etiology (n\u2009=\u20094, 11%), trabeculectomy (n\u2009=\u20092, 5%), and pterygium excision-related scleral ulcer (n\u2009=\u20091, 3%). Presenting visual acuity ranged from counting fingers to no light perception. Pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics was performed in 17 eyes (39%) in primary or secondary treatments. <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (38\/38, 100%), penicillin (37\/38, 97%), ceftriaxone (37\/38, 97%), cefuroxime (12\/15, 80%), levofloxacin (13\/15 ,87%), and moxifloxacin (15\/17, 88%). Final visual acuity was better than 20\/400 in 3 of 38 eyes (8%), 5\/200 to hand motions in 3 eyes (8%), and light perception to no light perception in 32 eyes (84%). Ten eyes (26%) underwent evisceration or enucleation. Although <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> endophthalmitis had a very poor visual prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85456-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T16:48:15Z","timestamp":1616086095000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Streptococcus pneumoniae endophthalmitis: clinical settings, antibiotic susceptibility, and visual outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kuan-Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Jiun","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Hui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Po","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene Yu-Chuan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Chun","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"85456_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.65.2.187-207.2001","volume":"65","author":"MJ Jedrzejas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jedrzejas, M. J. Pneumococcal virulence factors: Structure and function. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 65, 187\u2013207 (2001).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"85456_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2525173","author":"AH Benton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benton, A. H. & Marquart, M. E. The role of pneumococcal virulence factors in ocular infectious diseases. Interdiscip. Perspect. Infect. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/2525173 (2018).","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Perspect. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"85456_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Microbiologic factors and visual outcome in the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 122, 830\u201346 (1996).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70380-0"},{"key":"85456_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71959-2","volume":"122","author":"DP Han","year":"1996","unstructured":"Han, D. P. et al. Spectrum and susceptibilities of microbiologic isolates in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 122, 1\u201317 (1996).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"85456_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.12.026","volume":"157","author":"AE Kuriyan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuriyan, A. E. et al. Endophthalmitis caused by streptococcal species: clinical settings, microbiology, management, and outcomes. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157, 774-780.e1 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"85456_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13077","volume":"46","author":"ED Kurniawan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kurniawan, E. D., Rocke, J. R., Sandhu, S. S. & Allen, P. J. Predictors of visual outcome and the role of early vitrectomy in streptococcal endophthalmitis. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 46, 424\u2013431 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"85456_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080180070030","volume":"110","author":"LK Mao","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mao, L. K., Flynn, H. W. Jr., Miller, D. & Pflugfelder, S. C. Endophthalmitis caused by streptococcal species. Arch. Ophthalmol. 110, 798\u2013801 (1992).","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"85456_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S160758","volume":"12","author":"Y Yospaiboon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yospaiboon, Y. et al. Factors affecting visual outcomes after treatment of infectious endophthalmitis in northeastern Thailand. Clin. Ophthalmol. 12, 765\u2013772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S160758 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"85456_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.03.008","volume":"138","author":"JJ Miller","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miller, J. J. et al. Endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 138, 231\u2013236 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"85456_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01418.x","volume":"12","author":"F Soriano","year":"2006","unstructured":"Soriano, F. et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae endophthalmitis: a study of 36 cases with special reference to antibiotic resistance and treatment options. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 12, 519\u2013526 (2006).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"85456_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-019-0174-y","volume":"9","author":"TV Dave","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dave, T. V. et al. Infectious endophthalmitis leading to evisceration: spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens and antibacterial susceptibility profile. J. Ophthalmic Inflamm. Infect. 9, 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12348-019-0174-y (2019).","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmic Inflamm. Infect."},{"key":"85456_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1091_19","volume":"68","author":"VP Dave","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dave, V. P. et al. Clinical presentations, microbiology and management outcomes of culture-proven endogenous endophthalmitis in India. Indian J. Ophthalmol. 68, 834\u2013839 (2020).","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"85456_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1869-5760-4-5","volume":"4","author":"A Jindal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jindal, A. et al. Endophthalmitis after open globe injuries: Changes in microbiological spectrum and isolate susceptibility patterns over 14\u00a0years. J. Ophthalmic Inflamm. Infect. 4, 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1869-5760-4-5 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmic Inflamm. Infect."},{"key":"85456_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181fbce5c","volume":"31","author":"KJ Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen, K. J. et al. Endophthalmitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Taiwan. Retina 31, 1193\u20131198 (2011).","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"85456_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2017.1416411","volume":"33","author":"RR Pappuru","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pappuru, R. R. et al. Endophthalmitis progressing to panophthalmitis: clinical features, demographic profile, and factors predicting outcome. Semin. Ophthalmol. 33, 671\u2013674 (2018).","journal-title":"Semin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"85456_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0169603","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169603","volume":"12","author":"KJ Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, K. J. et al. Prevention of evisceration or enucleation in endogenous bacterial panophthalmitis with no light perception and scleral abscess. PLoS ONE 12, e0169603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0169603 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"85456_CR17","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; eighteenth informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S18. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2008)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-85456-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-85456-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-85456-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T05:12:46Z","timestamp":1670044366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-85456-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["85456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-85456-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6195"}}