{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T07:56:53Z","timestamp":1773388613729,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) owing to its immunomodulatory effects is believed to influence outcomes in COVID-19. We conducted a prospective, observational study of patients, hospitalized with COVID-19. Serum 25-OHD level\u2009&lt;\u200920\u00a0ng\/mL was considered VDD. Patients were classified as having mild and severe disease on basis of the WHO ordinal scale for clinical improvement (OSCI). Of the 410 patients recruited, patients with VDD (197,48.2%) were significantly younger and had lesser comorbidities. The levels of PTH were significantly higher in the VDD group (63.5\u2009\u00b1\u200954.4 vs. 47.5\u2009\u00b1\u200942.9\u00a0pg\/mL). The proportion of severe cases (13.2% vs.14.6%), mortality (2% vs. 5.2%), oxygen requirement (34.5% vs.43.4%), ICU admission (14.7% vs.19.8%) was not significantly different between patients with or without VDD. There was no significant correlation between serum 25-OHD levels and inflammatory markers studied. Serum parathormone levels correlated with D-dimer (r 0.117, p- 0.019), ferritin (r 0.132, p-0.010), and LDH (r 0.124, p-0.018). Amongst VDD patients, 128(64.9%) were treated with oral cholecalciferol (median dose of 60,000\u00a0IU). The proportion of severe cases, oxygen, or ICU admission was not significantly different in the treated vs. untreated group. In conclusion, serum 25-OHD levels at admission did not correlate with inflammatory markers, clinical outcomes, or mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Treatment of VDD with cholecalciferol did not make any difference to the outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85809-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T12:47:41Z","timestamp":1616071661000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Lack of association of baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with disease severity and mortality in Indian patients hospitalized for COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ganesh","family":"Jevalikar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ambrish","family":"Mithal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anshu","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rutuja","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid J.","family":"Farooqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shama","family":"Mahendru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Dewan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Budhiraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"85809_CR1","unstructured":"Coronavirus Update (Live): 63,198,955 Cases and 1,467,506 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic\u2014Worldometer. https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/. 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Acute respiratory tract infection and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16, 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16173020 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"85809_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451500207X","volume":"114","author":"L Xiao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiao, L. et al. Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of childhood acute respiratory infections: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br. J. Nutr. 114, 1026\u20131034 (2015).","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"85809_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123933","volume":"311","author":"PT Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu, P. T. et al. Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response. 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