{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:03:38Z","timestamp":1789085018103,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"ELPEN pharmaceutical company, Athens, Greece"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our understanding of pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is based on a paper published 29\u00a0years ago by Karydakis. Since then, surgeons have been taught that hair more easily penetrates wet skin, leading to the assumption that sweating promotes PSD. This postulate, however, has never been proven. Thus we used pilocarpine iontophoresis to assess sweating in the glabella sacralis. 100 patients treated for PSD and 100 controls were matched for sex, age and body mass index (BMI). Pilocarpine iontophoresis was performed for 5\u00a0min, followed by 15\u00a0min of sweat collection. PSD patients sweated less than their matched pairs (18.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6\u00a0\u00b5l vs. 24.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1\u00a0\u00b5l, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). Men sweated more than women (22.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u00a0\u00b5l vs. 15.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0\u00a0\u00b5l in non-PSD patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and 20.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u00a0\u00b5l vs. 11.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0\u00a0\u00b5l in PSD patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.051)). And regular exercisers sweated more than non-exercisers (29.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9\u00a0\u00b5l vs. 18.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6\u00a0\u00b5l, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0006 for men and 20.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u00a0\u00b5l vs. 11.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u00a0\u00b5l, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0005 for women). PSD patients sweat less than matched controls. Thus sweating may have a protective effect in PSD rather than being a risk factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85830-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T16:48:15Z","timestamp":1616086095000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Rethinking the causes of pilonidal sinus disease: a matched cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Dietrich","family":"Doll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imke","family":"Brengelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Schober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Ommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Bosche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apostolos E.","family":"Papalois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Jongen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus M.","family":"Luedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"85830_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000795","volume":"60","author":"D Doll","year":"2017","unstructured":"Doll, D. et al. Strength of occipital hair as an explanation for pilonidal sinus disease caused by intruding hair. DCR 60, 979\u2013986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000795 (2017).","journal-title":"DCR"},{"key":"85830_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gosselink, M. & Ctercteko, G. The role of hair in the pathogenesis of pilonidal disease. ESCP Teach. Pilonidal Sinus 12 (2017). https:\/\/www.escp.eu.com\/news\/focus-on\/pilonidal-disease\/1550-the-role-of-hair-in-the-pathogenesis-of-pilonidal-disease-martijn-gosselink-and-grahame-ctercteko.","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000989"},{"key":"85830_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800560107","volume":"56","author":"BH Page","year":"1969","unstructured":"Page, B. H. The entry of hair into a pilonidal sinus. Br. J. Surg. 56, 32 (1969).","journal-title":"Br. J. 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