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Of 77 patients (49 (63.6%) female, mean of age: (71.8\u2009\u00b1\u20098.0)), 64 (83.1%) had pure PMR, 10 (13.0%) concomitant PMR and GCA, and 3 (3.9%) pure GCA. Compared to baseline values, aortic PWV was initially decreased at week 16 (p\u2009=\u20090.010) and remained lower than baseline at week 28 (p\u2009=\u20090.002) and week 40 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with no association with results of TAB and 18F-FDG PET\/CT. Aortic PWV was significantly associated with age, male gender, left systolic and diastolic blood pressure, right diastolic blood pressure, and CRP. Total bone mineral content (BMC) was decreased in both genders (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while fat mass (FM) was significantly increased (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). However, lean body mass did not significantly change during the study. Changes in FM were correlated with cumulative prednisolone dose (rho: 0.26, p\u2009=\u20090.031). Glucocorticoid treatment of patients with PMR\/GCA had several prognostic impacts. Arterial stiffness was decreased due either to the treatment or a reduction in the inflammatory load. 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