{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T16:22:18Z","timestamp":1784823738530,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pain is common in athletes which should be well managed. To identify risk factors for shoulder pain, and the association between shoulder pain, lower back pain and knee pain among elementary school-aged badminton players, we conducted a cross-sectional study to collect data of the past year among 611 elementary school age (7\u201312\u00a0years old) badminton players belonging to the Japan Schoolchildren Badminton Federation using a questionnaire. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The overall incidence rate of shoulder injuries, lower back injuries and knee injuries was 0.38 injuries per 1000\u00a0h of badminton training. Players with training time per day\u2009&gt;\u20092.5\u00a0h were 2.64 times (95% CI 1.03\u20136.78, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.043) more likely to sustain shoulder pain than those with training time per day\u2009\u2264\u20092.5\u00a0h. A significant association was revealed between shoulder pain and knee pain as well as between lower back pain and knee pain as training hours per day\u2009&gt;\u20092.5\u00a0h. Moreover, lower back pain was significantly associated with shoulder pain independent of training hours per day (\u2264\u20092.5\u00a0h: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001;\u2009&gt;\u20092.5\u00a0h: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). These findings indicate that training time per day is risk factor, and shoulder pain, lower back pain and knee pain were associated with each other in elementary school-aged badminton players.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85937-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T13:04:20Z","timestamp":1616159060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Epidemiology and pain in elementary school-aged players: a survey of Japanese badminton players participating in the national tournament"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Xuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"85937_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.24.3.169","volume":"24","author":"K Kr\u00f8ner","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kr\u00f8ner, K. et al. Badminton injuries. Br. J. Sports Med. 24, 169\u2013172 (1990).","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1025689","volume":"8","author":"U J\u00f8rgensen","year":"1987","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen, U. & Winge, S. Epidemiology of badminton injuries. Int. J. Sports Med. 8, 379\u2013382 (1987).","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/15438620701405263","volume":"15","author":"PS Yung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yung, P. S., Chan, R. H., Wong, F. C., Cheuk, P. W. & Fong, D. T. Epidemiology of injuries in Hong Kong elite badminton athletes. Res. Sports Med. 15, 133\u2013146 (2007).","journal-title":"Res. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR4","first-page":"33","volume":"2","author":"M Arora","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arora, M., Shetty, S. H., Khedekar, R. G. & Kale, S. Over half of badminton players suffer from shoulder pain: is impingement to blame?. J. Orthop. Surg. Res. 2, 33\u201336 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"85937_CR5","unstructured":"Petrinovi\u0107, L. & Bobic, T.T. Acute and overuse injuries in European junior badminton players. https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/42c7\/4eea675d5d9beecae10f94b3e6096beaebad.pdf (2016)"},{"key":"85937_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.24.3.173","volume":"24","author":"YP Lo","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lo, Y. P., Hsu, Y. C. & Chan, K. M. Epidemiology of shoulder impingement in upper arm sports events. Br. J. Sports Med. 24, 173\u2013177 (1990).","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2004.00427.x","volume":"16","author":"M Fahlstr\u00f6m","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fahlstr\u00f6m, M., Yeap, J. S., Alfredson, H. & S\u00f6derman, K. Shoulder pain\u2014a common problem in world-class badminton players. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 16, 168\u2013173 (2006).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"85937_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2017.1282362","volume":"25","author":"JG Wasser","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wasser, J. G., Zaremski, J. L., Herman, D. C. & Vincent, H. K. Assessment and rehabilitation of chronic low back pain in baseball: part II. Res. Sports Med. 25, 231\u2013243 (2017).","journal-title":"Res. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR9","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Imai K., Liu X.X. & Watanabe E. Epidemiology of pain and injury in elementary school-aged badminton players. Gazz. Med. Ital \u2013Arch. Sci. Med. (in press)."},{"key":"85937_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.29637","volume":"7","author":"E Miyake","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miyake, E. et al. A prospective epidemiological study of injuries in Japanese national tournament-level badminton players from junior high school to university. Asian J. Sports Med. 7, 1 (2016).","journal-title":"Asian J. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.28.4.276","volume":"28","author":"K H\u00f8y","year":"1994","unstructured":"H\u00f8y, K., Lindblad, B. E., Terkelsen, C. J. & Helleland, H. E. Badminton injuries\u2014a prospective epidemiological and socioeconomic study. Br. J. Sports Med. 28, 276\u2013279 (1994).","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200111000-00002","volume":"33","author":"S Lyman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lyman, S. et al. Longitudinal study of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 33, 1803\u20131810 (2001).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"85937_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4364-y","volume":"26","author":"T Sekiguchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sekiguchi, T. et al. Youth baseball players with elbow and shoulder pain have both low back and knee pain: a cross-sectional study. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 26, 1927\u20131935 (2018).","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"85937_CR14","first-page":"140","volume":"45","author":"T Matsuura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matsuura, T., Iwame, T., Suzue, N., Arisawa, K. & Sairyo, K. Risk factors for shoulder and elbow pain in youth baseball players. Phys. Sportsmed. 45, 140\u2013144 (2017).","journal-title":"Phys. Sportsmed."},{"key":"85937_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.023218","volume":"40","author":"H van Hoeven","year":"2006","unstructured":"van Hoeven, H. & Kibler, W. B. Shoulder injuries in tennis players. Br. J. Sports Med. 40, 435\u2013440 (2006).","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1515\/hukin-2016-0006","volume":"53","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. et al. The influence of X-factor (trunk rotation) and experience on the quality of the badminton forehand smash. J. Hum. Kinet. 53, 9\u201322 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"85937_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e3182a4bad0","volume":"12","author":"N Jayanthi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jayanthi, N. & Esser, S. Racket sports. Curr. Sports Med. Rep. 12, 329\u2013336 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr. Sports Med. Rep."},{"key":"85937_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.243.173","volume":"243","author":"T Sekiguchi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sekiguchi, T. et al. Coexistence of trunk or lower extremity pain with elbow and\/or shoulder pain among young overhead athletes: a cross-sectional study. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 243, 173\u2013178 (2017).","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"85937_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1611930","volume":"20","author":"V Moreno-P\u00e9rez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moreno-P\u00e9rez, V. et al. Association of acute and chronic workloads with injury risk in high-performance junior tennis players. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 20, 1\u20139 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"85937_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095788","volume":"50","author":"TJ Gabbett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gabbett, T. J. The training\u2014injury prevention paradox: should athletes be training smarter and harder?. Br. J. Sports Med. 50, 273\u2013280 (2016).","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR21","first-page":"65","volume":"53","author":"SL Goh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goh, S. L., Mokhtar, A. H. & Mohamad Ali, M. R. Badminton injuries in youth competitive players. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness. 53, 65\u201370 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness."},{"key":"85937_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300040201","volume":"30","author":"S Lyman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lyman, S., Fleisig, G. S., Andrews, J. R. & Osinski, E. D. Effect of pitch type, pitch count, and pitching mechanics on risk of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers. Am. J. Sports Med. 30, 463\u2013468 (2002).","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.07.011","volume":"35","author":"MA Mohseni-Bandpei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mohseni-Bandpei, M. A., Keshavarz, R., Minoonejhad, H., Mohsenifar, H. & Shakeri, H. Shoulder pain in Iranian elite athletes: the prevalence and risk factors. J. Manipulative Physiol. Ther. 35, 541\u2013548 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Manipulative Physiol. Ther."},{"key":"85937_CR24","first-page":"299","volume-title":"Exercise and Nervous System, ***Vol 2","author":"K Imai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Imai, K. & Nakajima, H. Exercise and Nervous System, ***Vol 2 299\u2013318 (Springer, 2008)."},{"key":"85937_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3685-0","volume":"24","author":"A Sano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sano, A. et al. Body mass index is associated with low back pain in childhood and adolescence: a birth cohort study with a 6-year follow-up in Niigata City, Japan. Eur. Spine J. 24, 474\u2013481 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"85937_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050201","volume":"8","author":"F Balague","year":"1999","unstructured":"Balague, F., Troussier, B. & Salminen, J. J. Non-specific low back pain in children and adolescents: risk factors. Eur. Spine J. 8, 429\u2013438 (1999).","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"85937_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515614816","volume":"44","author":"R R\u00f6ssler","year":"2016","unstructured":"R\u00f6ssler, R., Junge, A., Chomiak, J., Dvorak, J. & Faude, O. Soccer injuries in players aged 7 to 12 years: a descriptive epidemiological study over 2 seasons. Am. J. Sports Med. 44, 309\u2013317 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-5129-6","volume":"27","author":"Y Yabe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yabe, Y. et al. Knee pain is associated with lower back pain in young baseball players: a cross-sectional study. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 27, 985\u2013990 (2019).","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"85937_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-018-0102-8","volume":"10","author":"Y Sogi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sogi, Y. et al. Association between trunk pain and lower extremity pain among youth soccer players: a cross-sectional study. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil. 10, 13 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"85937_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1539-4","volume":"19","author":"P Jonasson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jonasson, P. et al. Prevalence of joint-related pain in the extremities and spine in five groups of top athletes. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 19, 1540\u20131546 (2011).","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"85937_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.250.79","volume":"250","author":"Y Hagiwara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hagiwara, Y. et al. Upper extremity pain is associated with lower back pain among young basketball players: a cross-sectional study. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 250, 79\u201385 (2020).","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"85937_CR32","first-page":"47","volume":"3","author":"X Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Imai, K. & Ren, Y. Teaching method using task analysis to boost motor skill and badminton forehand overhead clear skill learning. Int. J. Sports Sci. Med. 3, 47\u201353 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"85937_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.074153","volume":"44","author":"Y Kimura","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kimura, Y. et al. Mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in badminton. Br. J. Sports Med. 44, 1124\u20131127 (2010).","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR34","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"G Kuntze","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kuntze, G., Sellers, W. I. & Mansfield, N. Bilateral ground reaction forces and joint moments for lateral sidestepping and crossover stepping tasks. Int. J. Sports Med. 8, 1 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)30259-3","volume":"14","author":"WB Kibler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kibler, W. B. Biomechanical analysis of the shoulder during tennis activities. Clin. Sports Med. 14, 79\u201385 (1995).","journal-title":"Clin. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR36","first-page":"18","volume":"20","author":"T Grice","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grice, T. Badminton: steps to success. Human Kinet. 20, 18\u201348 (2008).","journal-title":"Human Kinet."},{"key":"85937_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514536871","volume":"42","author":"S Oyama","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oyama, S. et al. Improper trunk rotation sequence is associated with increased maximal shoulder external rotation angle and shoulder joint force in high school baseball pitchers. Am. J. Sports Med. 42, 2089\u20132094 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR38","unstructured":"American Sports Medicine Institute. Guidelines for Youth and Adolescent Pitchers. https:\/\/www.mlb.com\/pitch-smart\/pitching-guidelines (2020)."},{"key":"85937_CR39","unstructured":"Badminton World Federation. OVO Australia Broadcast Deal Announced. https:\/\/corporate.bwfbadminton.com\/news-single\/2019\/03\/28\/ovo-australia-broadcast-deal-announce (2019)."},{"key":"85937_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-019-09563-5","volume":"12","author":"A Hellem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hellem, A., Shirley, M., Schilaty, N. & Dahm, D. Review of shoulder range of motion in the throwing athlete: Distinguishing normal adaptations from pathologic deficits. Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med. 12, 346\u2013355 (2019).","journal-title":"Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med."},{"key":"85937_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232596711877332","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118773322","volume":"6","author":"JE Johnson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Johnson, J. E., Fullmer, J. A., Nielsen, C. M., Johnson, J. K. & Moorman, C. T. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop. J. Sports Med. 6, 2325967118773322 (2018).","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR42","unstructured":"Imai, K. Medical check-up. Oriental Medicine in Sport, pp. 40\u201342, Ido no Nihonsha: Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan (Japanese) (2018)."},{"key":"85937_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2004.00417.x","volume":"15","author":"A Jansson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jansson, A., Saartok, T., Werner, S. & Renstr\u00f6m, P. Evaluation of general joint laxity, shoulder laxity and mobility in competitive swimmers during growth and in normal controls. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 15, 169\u2013176 (2005).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"85937_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.26.689","volume":"26","author":"Y Endo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Endo, Y. & Sakamoto, M. Correlation of shoulder and elbow injuries with muscle tightness, core stability, and balance by longitudinal measurements in junior high school baseball players. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 26, 689\u2013693 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"85937_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2018.08.008","volume":"34","author":"LS Pogetti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pogetti, L. S., Nakagawa, T. H., Conte\u00e7ote, G. P. & Camargo, P. R. Core stability, shoulder peak torque and function in throwing athletes with and without shoulder pain. Phys. Ther. Sport 34, 36\u201342 (2018).","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"85937_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198806050-00004","volume":"6","author":"BC Elliott","year":"1988","unstructured":"Elliott, B. C. Biomechanics of the serve in tennis. Sports Med. 6, 285\u2013294 (1988).","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"85937_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.23.1.42","volume":"23","author":"AL Aguinaldo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aguinaldo, A. L., Buttermore, J. & Chambers, H. Effects of upper trunk rotation on shoulder joint torque among baseball pitchers of various levels. J. Appl. Biomech. 23, 42\u201351 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"85937_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31816d7258","volume":"28","author":"DW Keeley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Keeley, D. W., Hackett, T., Keirns, M., Sabick, M. B. & Torry, M. R. A biomechanical analysis of youth pitching mechanics. J. Pediatr. Orthop. 28, 452\u2013459 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"85937_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098254","volume":"52","author":"M Asker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Asker, M. et al. Risk factors for, and prevention of, shoulder injuries in overhead sports: a systematic review with best-evidence synthesis. Br. J. Sports Med. 52, 1312\u20131319 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-85937-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-85937-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-85937-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T01:14:00Z","timestamp":1675041240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-85937-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["85937"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-85937-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6459"}}