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Here we identify the Thioredoxin-interacting protein (<jats:italic>TXNIP<\/jats:italic>) as a gene, which expression is regulated by PPAR\u03b3 in melanoma cells. We show that high <jats:italic>TXNIP<\/jats:italic> expression levels associate with benign melanocytic lesions, with tumor regression in patients on MAP kinase targeted therapy, with decreased proliferation in patients\u2019 melanoma biopsies, and with cell cycle arrest in human melanoma cell lines. In contrast, reduced <jats:italic>TXNIP<\/jats:italic> expression associates with advanced melanoma and with disease progression in patients. TXNIP depletion in human melanoma cells altered the expression of integrin beta-3 and the localization of the integrin alpha-v\/beta-3 dimer at their surface. Moreover, TXNIP depletion affected human melanoma cell motility and improved their capacity to colonize mouse lungs in an in vivo assay. This study establishes <jats:italic>TXNIP<\/jats:italic> as a PPAR\u03b3-regulated gene in melanoma cells, thereby suggesting a link between these two proteins both involved in the regulation of cancer and of energy metabolism. It also reveals that the decrease in <jats:italic>TXNIP<\/jats:italic> expression, which is observed in advanced patient tumors, likely favors lung metastatic seeding of malignant cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86329-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T10:09:07Z","timestamp":1618222147000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Low expression of the PPAR\u03b3-regulated gene thioredoxin-interacting protein accompanies human melanoma progression and promotes experimental lung metastases"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Meylan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Pich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carine","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Ginster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Mury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Sgandurra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Dreos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennie Tompers","family":"Frederick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevieve Marie","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliane","family":"Michalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"86329_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jemal, A., Siegel, R., Xu, J. & Ward, E. 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