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T1-mapping was performed with a fast modified Look-Locker inversion-recovery (MOLLI) acquisition and a combined turbo spin-echo and inversion-recovery sequence (TMIX) as reference. A total of 13 titrated albumin-solutions as well as 48 samples (29 ascites\/pleural effusions from patients with malignancy; 19 from patients without malignancy) were examined. Samples were classified as malignant-positive histology, malignant-negative histology and non-malignant negative histology. In phantom analysis both mapping techniques correlated with albumin-content (MOLLI: r\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.97, TMIX: r\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.98). MOLLI T1 relaxation times were shorter in malignancy-positive histology fluids (2237\u2009\u00b1\u2009137\u00a0ms) than in malignancy-negative histology fluids (2423\u2009\u00b1\u2009357\u00a0ms) as well as than in non-malignant-negative histology fluids (2651\u2009\u00b1\u2009139\u00a0ms); post hoc test for all intergroup comparisons:\u2009&lt;\u20090.05. ROC analysis for differentiation between malignant and non-malignant effusions (malignant positive histology vs. all other) showed an (AUC) of 0.89 (95% CI 0.77\u20130.96). T1 mapping allows for non-invasive differentiation of malignant and non-malignant effusions in an ex-vivo set up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86632-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T10:03:03Z","timestamp":1617012183000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of malignant effusions using MR-based T1 mapping"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Kuetting","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Luetkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Faron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Isaak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Attenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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