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This study enrolled kidney transplantation recipients (KTRs) (n\u2009=\u200910,955), end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients (n\u2009=\u200910,955) and healthy controls (n\u2009=\u200910,955) from National Health Insurance Service database of the Republic of Korea. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) incidences. The incidence of POAG was higher in ESRD patients (3.36\/1,000 person-years,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and KTRs (3.22 \/1,000 person-years,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), than in healthy controls (1.20\/1,000 person-years). However, POAG risk showed no significant increase in either ESRD patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.07) or KTRs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.08) when adjusted for the confounding factors. The incidence of PACG was significantly higher in ESRD patients (0.41\/1,000 person-years) than in healthy controls (0.14\/1,000 person-years,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008). The PACG incidence was significantly lower in KTRs than in ESRD patients (HR\u2009=\u20090.35,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015). In conclusion, this nationwide cohort study demonstrated that kidney transplantation can reduce the risk of PACG but not POAG in ESRD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86846-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T06:03:08Z","timestamp":1617256988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Nationwide Glaucoma incidence in end stage renal disease patients and kidney transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jong Joo","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baek-Lok","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyungdo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Ki","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwon Wook","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yon Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Wook","family":"Jeoung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"86846_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","volume":"90","author":"HA Quigley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Quigley, H. 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