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The present study was undertaken to assess the insecticide resistance status of\n                    <jats:italic>Cx. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations from four districts of Yaound\u00e9 (Cameroon). All\n                    <jats:italic>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations except one displayed high resistance to bendiocarb and malathion with mortalities ranging from 0 to 89% while high resistance intensity against both permethrin and deltamethrin was recorded. Molecular analyses revealed high frequencies of the\n                    <jats:italic>ACE<\/jats:italic>\n                    -1 G119S mutation (ranging from 0 to 33%) and\n                    <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic>\n                    L1014F allele (ranging from 55 to 74%) in all\n                    <jats:italic>Cx. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations. Significant overexpression was detected for cytochrome P450s genes\n                    <jats:italic>CYP6AA7<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>CYP6Z10<\/jats:italic>\n                    , as well as for\n                    <jats:italic>Esterase A<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Esterase B<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The total cuticular hydrocarbon content, a proxy of cuticular resistance, was significantly increased (compared to the S-lab strain) in one population. The study confirms strong insecticide resistance mediated by different mechanisms in\n                    <jats:italic>Cx. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations from the city of Yaound\u00e9. The expansion of insecticide resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations could affect the effectiveness of current vector control measures and stress the need for the implementation of integrated vector control strategies in urban settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86850-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T06:03:08Z","timestamp":1617256988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["High insecticide resistance mediated by different mechanisms in Culex quinquefasciatus populations from the city of Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Abdou","family":"Talipouo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Mavridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elys\u00e9e","family":"Nchoutpouen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borel","family":"Djiappi-Tchamen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil Alexandros","family":"Fotakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmond","family":"Kopya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Bamou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9vilor","family":"Kekeunou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parfait","family":"Awono-Ambene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileia","family":"Balabanidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Balaska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles Sinclair","family":"Wondji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Vontas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Antonio-Nkondjio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"86850_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S976","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix405","volume":"216","author":"EB Kauffman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kauffman, E. 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