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Accurate MG segmentation is a key prerequisite for automated imaging based MGD related DED diagnosis. However, Automatic MG segmentation in infrared meibography is a challenging task due to image artifacts. A deep learning-based MG segmentation has been proposed which directly learns MG features from the training image dataset without any image pre-processing. The model is trained and evaluated using 728 anonymized clinical meibography images. Additionally, automatic MG morphometric parameters, gland number, length, width, and tortuosity assessment were proposed. The average precision, recall, and F1 score were achieved 83%, 81%, and 84% respectively on the testing dataset with AUC value of 0.96 based on ROC curve and dice coefficient of 84%. Single image segmentation and morphometric parameter evaluation took on average 1.33\u00a0s. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a validated deep learning-based approach is applied in MG segmentation and evaluation for both upper and lower eyelids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87314-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T10:12:21Z","timestamp":1617790341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Deep learning-based automatic meibomian gland segmentation and morphology assessment in infrared meibography"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4195-4217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Asif Khan","family":"Setu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Horstmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Steven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"87314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.08.003","volume":"15","author":"JP Craig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Craig, J. 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SS is an employee of Heidelberg Engineering GmbH. MES is the chief scientific officer of ImmunEyez LLC and a member of the scientific advisory board of Novaliq GmbH. PS has received financial support from Novaliq GmbH, Roche, Bausch&Lomb, Ursapharm. The Division of Dry-eye and Ocular GvHD received donations from Novaliq, Ursapharm, and Juergen\u201a and Monika Ziehm.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7649"}}