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Their taxonomy has been frequently revised and the presence of cryptic species suggested. Furthermore, usually molecular- and morphology-based phylogenetic analyses give divergent results. In this study, the nucleotide sequences of the nuclear second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) and the mitochondrial partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) were determined for adults of six cyathostomin species (<jats:italic>Coronocyclus coronatus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Coronocyclus labiatus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cylicocyclus nassatus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cylicostephanus calicatus, Cylicostephanus longibursatus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cylicostephanus minutus<\/jats:italic>) collected from different equine species within two geographic regions. Maximum likelihood trees were calculated for ITS-2, COI, and concatenated data. No obvious differentiation was observed between geographic regions or equine host species. As previously reported, <jats:italic>Coronocyclus coronatus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cylicostephanus calicatus<\/jats:italic> revealed a close relationship. Cryptic species were detected in <jats:italic>Cylicostephanus minutus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cylicostephanus calicatus<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Cylicocyclus nassatus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Coronocyclus labiatus<\/jats:italic> showed diverse mitochondrial and nuclear haplotypes occurring in different combinations, while <jats:italic>Cylicostephanus longibursatus<\/jats:italic> was comparatively homogenous. In conclusion, a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial haplotypes improved resolution of the phylogeny and should be applied to the remaining cyathostomin species and across additional equine host species and geographic regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87500-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T10:18:05Z","timestamp":1618481885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Genetic variability, cryptic species and phylogenetic relationship of six cyathostomin species based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Louro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetiana A.","family":"Kuzmina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Bredtmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Diekmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds M. 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