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Lung pathological changes, tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and ovalbumin (OVA) as well as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-\u03b2) and interleukin (IL)-6 level in the lung tissue homogenize as well as TGF-\u03b2, IL-6, oxidant and antioxidant levels oxidant and antioxidants were increased in PQ group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 to <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Lung pathological changes, tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and OVA as well as TGF-\u03b2, IL-6 oxidant and antioxidant levels were improved in all treated groups except lung pathological changes in treated group with low dose of pioglitazone (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 to <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The effects of low dose of pioglitazone and carvacrol alone were significantly lower than in the combination group of low dose of pioglitazone\u2009+\u2009carvacrol (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 to <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Carvacrol treatment improved inhaled PQ-induced lug injury similar to the effects of dexamethasone. The synergic effect of carvacrol and pioglitazone suggests PPAR-\u03b3 receptor mediated effects of carvacrol on inhaled PQ-induced lung injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87546-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T10:05:44Z","timestamp":1618394744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: Carvacrol and PPAR\u03b3 agonist, pioglitazone, affects inhaled paraquat-induced lung injury in rats"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arghavan","family":"Memarzia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamideh Kazemi","family":"Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Kazerani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Boskabady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"87546_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.12.029","volume":"67","author":"X Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu, X., Liang, Y., Zhao, H. & Zhao, M. 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