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Data about the state of the cardiac autonomic regulation in working women with preschoolers are lacking. Aim of this study was\u00a0to compare the cardiac autonomic profile of female healthcare professionals with and without preschoolers via the analysis of the variability of the time distance between two consecutive R-wave peaks (RR) from standard 24-h Holter electrocardiogram (ECG). Fifty healthy active female healthcare professionals were enrolled: 25 with at least one preschooler (W_KID) and 25 without (W_NOKID). A standard Holter ECG was obtained during a regular working day. Segments of 5000 consecutive RRs were selected during daytime (DAY) and nighttime (NIGHT). Heart rate variability analysis was performed and the following parameters were considered for comparison between the two groups: mean (\u03bc\n                    <jats:sub>RR<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), variance (\u03c3\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sub>RR<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and the absolute power in high frequency component (HF) of RR (HF\n                    <jats:sub>RR<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\u00a0series. HF\n                    <jats:sub>RR<\/jats:sub>\n                    was considered as a marker of vagal cardiac modulation. Only \u00b5\n                    <jats:sub>RR<\/jats:sub>\n                    significantly increased from DAY to NIGHT in both groups (699\u2009\u00b1\u200988 vs 887\u2009\u00b1\u2009140\u00a0ms in W_KID and 728\u2009\u00b1\u200990 vs 942\u2009\u00b1\u2009166\u00a0ms in W_NOKID). Instead, \u03c3\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sub>RR<\/jats:sub>\n                    and HF\n                    <jats:sub>RR<\/jats:sub>\n                    increased from DAY to NIGHT only in W_NOKID (from 3334\u2009\u00b1\u20092153 to 4816\u2009\u00b1\u20094063\u00a0ms\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    and from 356\u2009\u00b1\u2009334 to 1397\u2009\u00b1\u20091629\u00a0ms\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively). W_KID showed lower \u03c3\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sub>RR<\/jats:sub>\n                    and HF\n                    <jats:sub>RR<\/jats:sub>\n                    during NIGHT, compared to W_NOKID (2336\u2009\u00b1\u20093170\u00a0vs 4816\u2009\u00b1\u20094063 ms\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0and 556\u2009\u00b1\u2009950 vs 1397\u2009\u00b1\u20091629\u00a0ms\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively). The perceived stress according to the visual analogue scale was similar in the two groups (4.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1 in W_KID, 5.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1 in W_NOKID). The presence of preschoolers lowered nocturnal cardiac vagal modulation in female healthcare professionals. This might represent an adaptation with a finalistic purpose, scilicet the facilitation of a prompt reaction in case of a child\u2019s need.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87596-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T06:05:44Z","timestamp":1618380344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["How the first years of motherhood impact the cardiac autonomic profile of female healthcare professionals: a study by heart rate variability analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Laura Adelaide","family":"Dalla Vecchia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"De Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Cassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Clementi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"De Grazia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Perego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"87596_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0120952","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120952","volume":"10","author":"MK Sumra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sumra, M. 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