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The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential utility of dosing in the induced sputum (IS) and to compare their levels in SSc-ILD and SSc-nonILD patients, as well as in healthy volunteers (HV). IS and sera values were also compared. In a prospective cross-sectional analysis, we studied the IS and serum provided from 25 SSc patients, 15 SSc-nonILD and 10 SSc-ILD, compared to 25 HV. We analyzed sputum cell composition and quantified in the supernatant and corresponding serum by commercially available immunoassays: IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, TGF-\u03b2, IL-8, TNF-\u03b1, YKL-40, MMP-7 and MMP-9. Lung function was studied by the determination of FEV-1 (%), FVC (%), DLCO (%) and KCO (%).  The IS of SSc patients had a lower weight than HV (p&lt;0.05, p&lt;0.01) without any significant difference with regard to the cellularity. IGFBP-1 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), TGF-\u03b2 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), IL-8 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), YKL-40 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and MMP-7 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) levels were increased in the IS of SSc patients compared to HV. Only IL-8 serum levels (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were increased in SSc patients compared to HV. Neither in IS nor in serum were observed differences between SSc-ILD and SSc-nonILD patients. Correlations were observed between IS IL-8 levels and FEV-1 (%) (r\u2009=\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u2212 0.53, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), FVC (%) (r\u2009=\u2009\u2212 0.51, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and annualized \u2206KCO (%) (r\u2009=\u20090.57, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), between IS TGF-\u03b2 levels and annualized \u2206FEV-1 (%) (r\u2009=\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u2212 0.57, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), between IS IGFBP-2 levels and annualized \u2206KCO (%) (r\u2009=\u20090.56, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Our study showed that SSc patients exhibit raised IS levels of IGFBP-1, TGF-\u03b2, IL-8, YKL-40 and MMP-7, molecules known to be involved in lung remodeling and fibrotic process, without any significant difference between SSc-ILD and SSc-nonILD patients. IL-8, TGF-\u03b2 and IGFBP-2 are correlated with lung function in SSc patients which emphasize clinical relevance. IS analysis represents a new approach to understand lung inflammatory process in SSc patients. A longitudinal study is needed to evaluate their pathophysiological relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87701-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T06:02:50Z","timestamp":1621576970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Inflammatory profile of induced sputum composition in systemic sclerosis and comparison with healthy volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Jacquerie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Henket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Andre\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Moermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"de Seny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Gester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Malaise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Guiot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"87701_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1051\/medsci\/20163202012","volume":"32","author":"Y Allanore","year":"2016","unstructured":"Allanore, Y. 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